Ischemic rat brain extracts induce human marrow stromal cell growth factor production

Intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats provides functional benefit. We tested the hypothesis that these functional benefits are derived in part from hMSC production of growth and trophic factors. Quantitative sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of hMSCs cultured with normal and MCAo brain extracts were performed. hMSCs cultured in supernatant derived from ischemic brain extracts increased production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These neurotrophins and angiogenic growth factors increased in a post‐ischemia time‐dependent manner. The hMSC capacity to increase expression of growth and trophic factors may be the key to the benefit provided by transplanted hMSCs in the ischemic brain.     

单纯玻璃体切除术治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效评价

目的 评估单纯行玻璃体切除术对外因性细菌性眼内炎的疗效。方法 外因性细菌性眼内炎21例(21只眼)，其中白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后1只眼，眼球穿通伤后20只眼。均作睫状体平部三切口玻璃体切除术，晶状体混浊者一并切除，若有球内异物一并取出，伴视网膜脱离者，重水或气／液交换复位视网膜后行眼内炎光凝、长效气体或硅油填充以及巩膜环扎，术中灌注液内不加入庆大霉素，术毕不作玻璃体腔注药，术后联合抗生索和激素静脉用药。结果 炎症控制20只眼，术后矫正视力提高20只眼，有效率为80．95％。结论 玻璃体切除术对严重细菌性眼内炎而言是最重要的治疗手段。     

后循环缺血的研究进展

后循环缺血(posterior circulation ischemia)是指供应脑部的椎基底动脉缺血引起的病变,是临床常见的缺血性脑血管病.约占缺血性卒中的20%.     

Expression pattern of growth/differentiation factor 3 in human and murine cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as cerebellum

Growth/differentiation factor 3 is a member of GDF/BMP subfamily of the TGF-beta superfamily, which has been reported to be implicated in testis carcinoma and deposition of adipose tissue. Interestingly, present work indicated that GDF3/Gdf3 genes were expressed in cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as in cerebellum, as revealed by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunostaining. Results of RT-PCR in 10 human tissues and 12 rat tissues indicated that GDF3/Gdf3 genes were abundantly transcribed in both human and murine brain, including cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results revealed that in cerebral cortex, GDF3 was evenly distributed. In hippocampus, it was expressed in most of the neurons in CA2 and DG region, especially only in a restricted number of neurons in the regions of CA1 and CA3 and in Purkinje cells in cerebellum. Present data suggested that GDF3 might play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, and it shed new light on further research of GDF3 in the central nervous system.     

Activation of the Notch signaling pathway disturbs the CD4+/CD8+, Th17/Treg balance in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis

Objective and design

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the disturbed balance of CD4⁺/CD8⁺, Th17/Treg and the activation of the Notch signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

Methods

An EAU rat model was induced in Lewis rats, and pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. CD4⁺, CD8⁺, Th17, and Treg levels in spleen, lymph nodes and eye tissues were determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the inhibitory effect of N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl))-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) on Th17 differentiation by Notch signaling in vitro was further investigated using T lymphocytes from EAU rats on day 12 post-immunization by flow cytometry.

Results

The pathological results showed that inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in ocular tissues in EAU rats. The CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg ratios in EAU rats were apparently higher than those in normal control individuals. Q-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated the expression of Notch1, DLL4, IL-10, and IL-17 in EAU rats gradually increased on day 6 after immunization, peaked on day 12, and then gradually decreased. The dynamic trends in Notch1 and DLL4 expression in EAU rats were identical to those of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg levels. DAPT can significantly inhibit the activation of Notch signaling, decrease Th17 cell differentiation, and attenuate the level of the Th17 cell lineage, contributing to the balance of the Th17/Treg ratio.

Conclusion

The activation of the Notch signaling pathway can regulate Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, disrupt the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg balance, and aggravate the severity of EAU; inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway contributes to the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg balance in EAU rats. Our findings highlighted that the dynamic change in the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Th17/Treg ratio was consistent with the expression trend of Notch signaling in EAU rats, suggesting that Notch signaling may be a potentially important therapeutic target in clinical practice.

     

脱酸浆液对生活垃圾焚烧烟气湿法脱酸效率的影响

湿法脱酸过程中脱酸浆液状况对湿法脱酸效率有重要的影响.通过实验,着重研究了吸收浆液pH和盐浓度对脱酸效率的影响.结果 表明,以纯水作为吸收剂时,随着烟气温度的升高,SO2的脱除效率增加,而HC1的脱除效率略有降低.提高吸收浆液的pH可显著提高脱硫效率,液气比为8 L/m3,SO2和HC1的浓度为600 mg/m3和1200 mg/m3,脱酸剂pH=9时的脱硫效率比pH=7时提高60.5％;在SO2和HC1的浓度为1600 mg/m3和400 mg/m3,脱酸剂pH=9时的脱硫效率比pH=7时提高42.6％.增加吸收浆液的盐浓度使得SO2和HC1的脱除效率均有所降低,在液气比为4 L/m3,pH=6.5,SO2和HCl的浓度为400 mg/m3和800mg/m3时,盐的浓度从5％增加至7％时,脱硫效率下降25.2％,脱氯效率下降1.4％.相同的浆液盐浓度时,随着液气比的增加,SO2和HCl的脱除效率均增加.     

腹腔镜食管胃吻合肌瓣成形术对于直径>5 cm食管胃结合部肿瘤近端胃切除术后消化道重建安全可行

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助食管胃吻合肌瓣成形术(Kamikawa吻合)在治疗肿瘤最大径>5 cm的食管胃结合部(EGJ)平滑肌瘤或胃肠间质瘤近端胃切除术后消化道重建的安全性及可行性。方法采用描述性病例系列研究方法,回顾性分析广东省中医院胃肠外科2017年9月至2019年3月期间,收治并施行腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术和Kamikawa吻合的EGJ平滑肌瘤和胃肠间质瘤病例资料。肿瘤均侵犯贲门齿状线,且最大径>5 cm;排除需急诊手术和合并有严重心肺疾病患者后,共4例患者纳入本研究,男性3例,女性1例,年龄29-49岁。患者接受腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术后,把残胃提出腹腔外,距残胃前壁近端3-4 cm处亚甲蓝标记"H"形,并沿"H"形切开胃壁浆肌层,沿纵行切开线向两侧分离黏膜下层和肌层之间的间隙,制作浆肌瓣;将残胃放回腹腔,腹腔镜下将"H"形上边与食管后壁距断端4-5 cm处间断缝合4针;切开食管残端,在"H"形的下边切开黏膜下层和黏膜层,进入胃腔;腹腔镜下将食管断端后壁与残胃黏膜层和黏膜下层连续缝合,食管断端前壁与残胃全层连续缝合,将胃前壁浆肌瓣缝合包埋食管,完成消化道重建。观察患者术中并发症和术后反流性食管炎和吻合口相关并发症的发生率。结果 4例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。手术中位时间为239(192-261)min,Kamikawa吻合中位时间为149(102-163)min,术中中位出血量为35(20-200)ml。4例患者均术后第1天拔除腹腔引流管和胃管,并恢复流质饮食,术后住院中位时间为6(6-8)d。术后病理提示,3例平滑肌瘤,1例胃肠间质瘤。术后无吻合口漏及狭窄等并发症,未观察到反流症状。术后中位随访时间22(11-29)个月,4例患者复查胃镜均未见反流性食管炎。结论对于>5 cm的EGJ平滑肌瘤或胃肠间质瘤,近端胃切除术后应用腹腔镜辅助Kamikawa吻合进行消化道重建,安全可行。     

尾内侧入路联合中间翻页式淋巴结清扫腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术疗效观察

目的探讨尾内侧入路联合中间翻页式淋巴结清扫腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术的安全性和可行性。方法采用描述性病例系列研究的方法,回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年5月,在广东省中医院胃肠外科,由同一主刀医师连续完成尾内侧入路联合中间翻页式清扫腹腔镜右半结肠根治术35例患者的临床资料。结果35例患者均顺利完成手术,术中无肠系膜上血管及动脉分支、静脉属支损伤出血。手术时间为(186.9±46.2)min,术中出血量为50(10~200)ml,术后首次排气时间(2.1±0.6)d、流质饮食时间(2.5±0.8)d,术后住院时间6(3~18)d。术后总体并发症发生率8.6%(3/35),根据Clavien-Dindo分级标准,Ⅱ级1例(2.8%)、Ⅲa级2例(5.7%)。淋巴结清扫总数为(30.2±5.6)枚,阳性淋巴结为0(0~7)枚。肿瘤分期:Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期11例,ⅣA期1例。中位随访时间15(4~29)个月,1例患者术后12个月因脑血管意外死亡,余患者未见肿瘤复发转移。结论尾内侧入路联合中间翻页式淋巴结清扫腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术,优先拓展胰头十二指肠前间隙,降低中线侧清扫难度,安全可行。     

尿中某些酶测定在丁胺卡那肾毒性监测中的应用

探讨药物致肾损伤早期诊断方法。用酶法测定碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）。速率法测γ－谷氨酰转肽酶（ＧＧＴ）,Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、β－半乳糖苷酶（Ｇａｌ）及肌肝（ＵＣｒ）,磺柳酸法测尿蛋白（Ｐｒｏ）。结果：尿酶升高均早于尿蛋白的出现,特别是ＮＡＧ于用药后第３天即有显著升高,Ｇａｌ则在用药后３ｄ内持续升高,尿酶,特别是ＮＡＧ是药物引起肾损伤早期诊断指标。     

小细胞肺癌多药耐药基因的检测及临床应用研究

目的：探讨多药耐药集团（MDR1）在小细胞肺癌化疗中的作用和地位，方法：采用逆转录－多聚酶链式反应技术（RT／PCR）和免疫细胞化学染色法，检测了32例（初治原发癌21例和复治转移癌11例）小细胞肺癌患者血液中的MDR1mRNA水平和多药耐药蛋白（P－170）的表达，并对两种方法进行了比较。结果：初治的原发癌MDR1基因阳性表达率为14．29％，P－170蛋白阳性表达为14．27％，复治转移癌的MDR1基因阳性表达率为72．73％，P－170蛋白阳性表达为63．64％（P＜0．01），有显著性差异。MDR1的基因和蛋白两种而检测方法具有一定的一致性，以RT／PTR方法具有更强的敏感性，结论：复治转移癌组比初治组具有更普遍的抗药性，且主要是获得性抗药，MDR1基因表达可作为临床合理地制定化疗方案，预测化疗效果的重要参考指标。