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??Intravenous leiomyomatosis: A clinical analysis of 7 cases LI Xuan??XIN Shi-jie. Department of Vascular Surgery??the First Hospital of China Medical University??Shenyang 110001??China
Corresponding author??XIN Shi-jie??E-mail??sjxin@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL). Methods The clinical data of 7 cases of IVL admitted between September 2004 and September 2015 in the First Hospital of China Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results Five cases of the 7 cases underwent surgical treatment, 2 cases underwent conservative treatment. All the 5 cases had pathological diagnosis of IVL. Five cases involved the uterus vein??iliac vein??vena ovarica and inferior vena cava; 4 cases involved right atrium; 1 case involved right cardiac ventrium and pulmonary artery. IVL of 5 cases originated from uterous tumor. Seven cases were followed. One case died of respiratory and circulatory failure in postoperative 2 months. Two cases of non operation died in postoperative 3 and 4 years respectively. One case of low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma recurred in postoperative 1 year. Conclusion IVL is a kind of rare and fatal diseases that should be paid more attention to the diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid misdiagnosing. A detailed operation program should be made before the operation.     

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??Surgical treatment of inverted nipple WEN Bing??XIE Kun. Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital??Beijing 100034,China
Corresponding author:WEN Bing,E-mail: wenzhenhe16@sina.com
Abstract The basic principles of inverted nipple correction surgery are adequate release of fibrous bands pulling the nipple retraction and nipple substrate support tissue reconstruction. The most commonly used corrective surgery includes breast tissue flap method and areola dermal flap method. In recent years, acellular allograft dermal matrix or artificial dermis filling method as a new simple minimally invasive corrective surgery has better prospects.     

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??Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics of leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava and to summarize the experience on the treatment of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Methods:The clinical data of 14 patients with leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava admitted between 1986 and 2006 in the General Hospital of PLA was analyzed retrospectively. Results:The diagnosis of the 12 patients was certained by pathology.Eleven cases were resected successfully with necessary reconstruction of inferior vena cava and only one patient was performed laparotomy.Two patients were not operated because of distant metastases. Conclusion:The en bloc resection with necessary reconstruction of inferior vena cava is an effective method to treat leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava.     

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??Analysis on clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of breast cancer in young women GAO Guo-xuan, YU Da-peng, ZHANG Hong, et al. Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Corresponding author: YE Jing-ming, E-mail: md_ye@sina.com
GAO Guo-xuan and YU Da-peng contributed qually to this work
Abstract Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in young women????35 years old?? and to analyze their association with treatment and prognosis. Methods The records of 110 breast cancer in young women treated from January 2008 to December 2014 were reviewed. Statistical methods were used for analyzing the correlation between clinical and pathological characteristics such as T-stage, N-stage, IHC (Immunohistochemistry) and the morbidity as well as prognosis. The clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in young women were compared with patients ≥35years using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier curves were reported for OS (overall survival) and PFS (progression-free survival), and the log-rank test was used to compare the difference in groups. Cox proportional models were fitted for multivariate analysis. Results All of the patients were women and the median age was 32 (21 to 34)-year old, accounted for 5.71% (110/2189) of the breast cancer treated at the same period. The morbidity of Luminal A-like and Luminal B-like(HER2 negative) in ??35-year group were higher than ≥35-year group(P??0.001). Patients??35 years chose breast-conserving or mastectomy combined reconstruction surgery were much more than older group(P??0.001). The median follow-up duration of breast cancer in young women was 31.5 months, the 5-year OS rate was 93.3% and the 5-year PFS rate was 89.3%. It is concluded that the N-stage??P??0.001??and M-stage??P??0.001??were the influencing factors of the PFS by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The N-stage??P??0.001??was the influencing factor of OS. Conclusion Breast cancer in young women had special clinical and pathological characteristics. The endocrine therapy should be strengthened as well as protecting fertility. Patients??35 years demanded high quality of life and appearance, and the option of surgical treatment should be personalized.     

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??Stem cells of apical papilla are successfully isolated and cultured in vitro in recent years.It has strong ability of proliferation and differentiation. Also??it is a seed cell in tissue engineering tooth regeneration research.The biological properties of stem cells of apical papilla are influenced by many external factors?? such as growth factors??signaling pathway?? physical factors?? scaffold material and so on. Based on the existing literature??this paper reviews the effects of growth factors on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells of apical papilla.     

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??Postoperative pain??one of the main complications of endodontic treatment??can occur after root canal treatment. A number of causative factors which may be responsible for this complication are presented. These mechanisms may be interrelated. Various therapeutic measures for the relief of pain after endodontic therapy??including relief of occlusion??premedication??establishment of drainage??and intracanal and systemic medications are presented.     

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??A progressively reduced efficacy of standard triple eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has been linked to the extensive application of antibiotics leading to an increasing incidence of resistance.For physicians to manage Hp infection more standardizedly or normatively and effectively??experts worldwide have consecutively issued the Maastricht IV and the 4th Chinese consensus.In this review??following incorporation of the latest expert consensus worldwide??we delineated the current conditions of antibiotic resistance against Hp infection and the mechanisms and approaches to improve the eradication rate against Hp infection.