前列腺癌机器人手术的“是是非非”

无论是开放手术、腹腔镜手术,还是机器人手术,因前列腺的解剖结构是不变的,前列腺癌根治术的目标也是不变的(通过手术手段,切除包括精囊、部分输精管在内的全部前列腺组织,部分患者需行淋巴结清扫),所以,手术的切除范围和适应证都是一样的,区别只是外科医生所采用的工具不同而已。     

口腔颌面部间隙感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析口腔颌面部间隙感染病原菌分布特点及耐药性。方法回顾性分析患者的病例资料、感染源及感染部位。抽取脓液或分泌物并进行细菌分离、培养、鉴定。采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏分析。对病例的性别、年龄、职业、入院前病程、糖尿病、累及间隙数量、白细胞计数值进行对比,分析发生并发症的影响因素。结果本研究86例口腔颌面部间隙感染患者,69.77%有明确牙痛史,17.44%患糖尿病,39.53%患者于发病7 d内就诊,15.12%患者白细胞计数≥15×10^(9)/L,56.98%患者出现蜂窝状炎症。以牙源性为主要感染来源,占比72.09%。牙源性口腔颌面部间隙感染患者中,主要病因为智齿冠周炎。口腔颌面部间隙感染患者主要为多间隙感染,占比54.65%。下颌下间隙感染为单间隙与多间隙感染患者主要感染部位。送检标本细菌检出率为75.58%,共检出病原菌112株,48.22%为需氧-厌氧混合菌。需氧菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌,厌氧菌主要为普氏菌,需氧-厌氧混合菌主要为草绿色链球菌。牙源性感染患者检出病原菌共68株。金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢呋辛的耐药率为59.09%,草绿色链球菌对克林霉素的耐药率分别为63.64%,两者对万古霉素、利奈唑胺的敏感性均为100.00%。普氏菌对克林霉素的耐药率分别为55.55%,对奥硝唑的敏感性为100.00%。通过治疗后,31.40%患者出现并发症,主要为上呼吸道阻塞。对比未发生并发症的病例与发生并发症病例的临床资料发现,年龄≥60岁、农民、入院前病程≥7 d、糖尿病、多间隙感染、白细胞计数≥15×10^(9)/L是预后发生并发症的影响因素。结论通过分析口腔颌面部间隙感染临床特点、致病原因、病原菌分布特点、耐药性、预后并发症影响因素,对口腔颌面部间隙感染患者的临床抗生素使用及手术治疗具有指导意义。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术静脉移植物内膜增生的治疗策略

尽管冠状动脉旁路移植术中动脉桥血管被广泛使用且远期通畅率高,但大隐静脉移植物仍是冠状动脉旁路移植术使用最多的桥血管,而大隐静脉移植物术后10年通畅率大约60%。静脉移植物再狭窄的机制包括血栓形成、心内膜增生和粥样硬化等。防治静脉移植物再狭窄的方案包括药物治疗、基因治疗和血管外支架。现就上述治疗方案作一综述。     

前列腺穿刺那些事儿

正说到胃镜及胃镜下活检,大部分朋友比较熟悉,但说到前列腺穿刺活检,大部分朋友是陌生的,甚至恐惧害怕。其实,前列腺穿刺活检和胃镜下的黏膜活检,其道理是一样的,通过活检获得一定的组织进行病理学检查,进而对可疑的疾病进行明确诊断。针对前列腺穿刺,朋友们经常担心的一些问题,这里进行了一些汇总,希望能够     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控时期主动脉急症患者诊治的建议

近期新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情爆发,恰逢主动脉急症高发的冬春时节,而主动脉急症大多起病急骤,病情危重,死亡率高,需紧急处理。在国家"重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应机制"之下,疫期主动脉急症患者的诊疗需制订全新的流程。如何在这一特殊时期增强医护人员的防护和正确救治意识,既让主动脉急症患者获得及时、有效的治疗,又能避免救治期间可能发生的院内疫情传播,是急诊科、心外科、血管外科等相关学科当前面临的重大课题。本文呼吁各医疗单位在严格遵守政府和医院感控部门规章制度的基础上开展医疗实践,在"疫情防控为重,严防院内感染,确诊COVID-19患者首选保守"的前提下,提倡"择期手术适当推迟,限期手术术前隔离排查,急诊手术严格防护"的诊治原则,同时针对COVID-19疫期主动脉急症患者的急诊科接诊、病房收治、术前准备、术中防护、术后处理等方面提出了建议。     

组织因子小干扰RNA壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特征

目的 探讨壳聚糖-组织因子小干扰RNA(TFsiRNA)纳米粒制备方法并研究其特性.方法 采用三聚磷酸钠(TPP)离子胶凝法分别制备包封型和吸附型壳聚糖-TPP-TFsiRNA纳米粒.检测纳米粒平均粒径和Zeta电位、载药率,并分析血清稳定性、体外生物活性及其细胞毒性.结果 两种纳米粒粒径均小于550 nm,粒径大小主要取决于壳聚糖类型、分子量及其浓度.酸碱度、壳聚糖TPP质量比也影响粒径大小.包封型纳米粒siRNA载药率为100%.壳聚糖-TPP-TFsiRNA纳米粒中的siRNA在5%血清中孵育24 h开始降解,60 h完全降解;50%血清孵育6 h保持完整,48 h完全降解.结论 壳聚糖纳米粒可能成为有效的siRNA转运载体.     

慢性中重度缺血陛二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及中期随访

Objective To compare the results of mitral valve reconstruction and replacement as treatments for moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR), and report the mid-term outcome. Methods From June 2002 to May 2008, 83 pa-tients with moderate IMR(35 cases) and severe IMR (48 cases) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) combined with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) (n = 43) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) (n = 40). There were 49 males and 34 females with a mean age of (59.3±7.5) years(51 -77years). The procedures of MVP included annuloplasty with a Dacron or autologous per-icardium ring in 21cases, commissural annuloplasty in 9, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in 9 and using St. Jude mitral annuloplasty ring in 4. In the cases underwent MVR, 28 patients received mechanical prostheses and 12 received biopros-theses. Results 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% for MVP and 5.0% for MVR (P >0.05). The 30-day complication rate was similar for the 2 groups but mechanical ventilation time was longer for MVR patients. Mild MR ocurred in 6 patients with MVP (P <0.05). Sevonty-six patients were followed by outpatient department visit or telephone for (20.2 ± 4.9) months (3 - 60 months). During the follow-up period, 7 patients with MVP had mild insufficiency but free off etber complications. All the valve prothesis functioned well. However, 3 cases had thromboembolic complications and 7 late deaths were recorded in MVR group. Five-year complication-free survival rate was 90% for MVP group and 61% for MVR. Conclusion MVP resulted in excellent durability and provided significant mid-term survival benefit over MVR. MVP should be the first choice for patients with chronic IMR.     

南京地区前列腺癌筛查“PSA-mpMRI-靶向穿刺”模式的初步探索

目的:探索适合我国国情的前列腺癌(PCa)筛查模式,初步了解南京地区男性居民PCa的真实发病情况。方法:2018年1～12月,来自南京市16所社区卫生服务中心、符合入排条件的6 903例50岁及以上参加体检的男性居民参加了本研究,首先采集研究对象的血清样本和临床信息,对血清PSA≥4μg/L的受试者建议行多参数磁共振(mpMRI)扫描,根据前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS V2)对前列腺可疑病灶进行评分,≥3分者,建议行经会阴系统穿刺联合磁共振/超声(MRI/US)融合前列腺靶向穿刺;PI-RADS评分3分但PSA≥10μg/L者,建议行经会阴系统穿刺;PSA10μg/L且PI-RADS评分3分或PSA4μg/L的受试者接受每半年一次的随访和检查。结果:6 903例男性居民中,835例PSA水平≥4μg/L,阳性率为12.1%。296例接受了mpMRI扫描,229例PI-RADS评分≥3分,阳性率为77.4%。148例进行了前列腺穿刺活检,确诊PCa 79例,占活检人数的53.4%,PCa总体检出率为1.14%。77例有完整病理数据的患者中,临床有意义PCa占94.8%。局灶期、局部进展期和转移期癌分别为30例(39.0%)、41例(53.2%)和6例(7.8%); I期6例(7.8%),Ⅱ期21例(27.3%),Ⅲ期34例(44.2%),Ⅳ期16例(20.8%);局限性PCa中高危型47例(66.2%),中危18例(25.4%),低危6例(8.5%)。结论:南京地区PCa的发病情况不容乐观,对高危人群尽快进行PCa筛查是当务之急,血清PSA联合mpMRI以及前列腺靶向穿刺的模式可能是理想的筛查手段。     

组织工程心脏瓣膜的种子细胞

应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1995—01／2008—01期间和CNKI、维普数据库2001-01／2008—01期间与组织工程心脏瓣膜种子细胞相关的44篇资料显示：l临床应用的机械瓣和生物瓣存在一些缺点，而组织工程心脏瓣膜优点包括无需抗凝治疗、抗感染、有活力、具有生长和修复能力，具有很好的前景。组织工程心脏瓣膜种子细胞可来源于：血管、骨髓、血液、脐带、绒毛膜和胚胎干细胞等，这些细胞具有相应特异的细胞表型，并适合产生用作组织工程的细胞外基质。组织工程心脏瓣膜研究已经取得了相当大的进展和令人鼓舞的成绩，但有许多技术问题和临床实际问题尚待解决和克服。要想组织工程心脏瓣膜成功应用于临床，需要更深入的研究：比如可降解多聚物支架材料特性、干细胞分化、尽量发挥自体细胞功能、使用无创技术评价瓣膜生长和重构的速度及质量等，这样就会催生更新进的技术应用于体内安全性实验以及临床前期研究。     

慢性中重度缺血陛二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及中期随访

Objective To compare the results of mitral valve reconstruction and replacement as treatments for moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR), and report the mid-term outcome. Methods From June 2002 to May 2008, 83 pa-tients with moderate IMR(35 cases) and severe IMR (48 cases) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) combined with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) (n = 43) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) (n = 40). There were 49 males and 34 females with a mean age of (59.3±7.5) years(51 -77years). The procedures of MVP included annuloplasty with a Dacron or autologous per-icardium ring in 21cases, commissural annuloplasty in 9, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in 9 and using St. Jude mitral annuloplasty ring in 4. In the cases underwent MVR, 28 patients received mechanical prostheses and 12 received biopros-theses. Results 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% for MVP and 5.0% for MVR (P >0.05). The 30-day complication rate was similar for the 2 groups but mechanical ventilation time was longer for MVR patients. Mild MR ocurred in 6 patients with MVP (P <0.05). Sevonty-six patients were followed by outpatient department visit or telephone for (20.2 ± 4.9) months (3 - 60 months). During the follow-up period, 7 patients with MVP had mild insufficiency but free off etber complications. All the valve prothesis functioned well. However, 3 cases had thromboembolic complications and 7 late deaths were recorded in MVR group. Five-year complication-free survival rate was 90% for MVP group and 61% for MVR. Conclusion MVP resulted in excellent durability and provided significant mid-term survival benefit over MVR. MVP should be the first choice for patients with chronic IMR.