Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to HLA-A2 antibody.

A male, full-term baby with thrombocytopenia was born by a G3P2A1 mother who was not associated with autoimmune disease. Platelet antibody screening was positive by using lymphocytotoxicity test, platelet suspension immunofluorescence test and solid-phase red cell adherence test. The identified HLA antibody was of A2 specificity. It was confirmed by testing the mother's and the baby's sera against the lymphocytes and platelets of 10 HLA-A2-positive donors. The possibility of platelet-specific antibody as the cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia was ruled out by testing against platelets of 10 HLA-A2-negative donors and the known platelet-specific antigens utilizing immobilized, purified platelet glycoprotein as targets. The mother's serum reacted strongly with both the father's and the baby's platelets and lymphocytes. This neonatal thrombocytopenia was most likely due to the maternal HLA antibody, which was induced by her antecedent gestations.     

无环鸟苷亲脂性前体药物脂质体的制备及体外抗病毒活性(英文)

本文通过将无环鸟苷(acyclovir,简称ACV)2’位羟基分别与月桂酰氯或棕榈酰氯进行酯化反应,制得亲脂性前体药物无环鸟苷月桂酸酯和无环鸟苷棕榈酸酯(分别简称为C₁₂-ACV和C₁₆-ACV),使脂质体包封率从ACV的29.9%提高到C₁₂-ACV的95.6%和C₁₆-ACV的97.1%;漏泄实验表明在4℃透析60h后,一半以上的ACV从脂质体中漏泄,而C₁₂-ACV和C₁₆-ACV的滞留率分别为70%和80%;体外抗疱疹病毒的试验中,在最低试验浓度0.044μmol/L时,ACV不显示抗病毒活性,而C₁₆-ACV脂质体抑制细胞病变率达75%,说明前体药物通过与脂质体脂膜的结合增加了药物的进入细胞能力,从而提高了ACV的抗病毒能力。     

Comparison of airway diameter measurements from an anthropomorphic airway tree phantom using hyperpolarized 3He MRI and high-resolution computed tomography.

An anthropomorphic airway tree phantom was imaged with both hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI using a dynamic projection scan and computed tomography (CT). Airway diameter measurements from the HP 3He MR images obtained using a newly developed model-based algorithm were compared against their corresponding CT values quantified with a well-established method. Of the 45 airway segments that could be evaluated with CT, only 14 airway segments (31%) could be evaluated using HP 3He MRI. No airway segments smaller than approximately 4 mm in diameter and distal to the fourth generation were adequate for analysis in MRI. For the 14 airway segments measured, only two airway segments yielded a non-equivalent comparison between the two imaging modalities, while eight more had inconclusive comparison results, leaving only four airway segments (29%) that satisfied the designed equivalence criteria. Some of the potential problems in airway diameter quantification described in the formulation of the model-based algorithm were observed in this study. These results suggest that dynamic projection HP 3He MRI may have limited utility for measuring airway segment diameters, particularly those of the central airways.     

中药材龟板和鳖甲中DNA的提取与扩增

中药材龟板和鳖甲中ＤＮＡ的提取与扩增王亚明，周开亚，吴平，徐珞珊（南京师范大学生物系，南京２１００９７；中国药科大学生药学研究室，南京２１０００９）龟鳖类药材在我国使用历史悠久，具补阴益气的功效。《中国药典》（１９９０年版）规定龟甲（龟板）的原动物为...     

Development of hatching blastocysts from immature human oocytes following in-vitro maturation and fertilization using a co-culture system

Recently, in-vitro maturation (IVM) of immature human oocytes recovered from non-stimulated follicles has been applied in the treatment of infertility. However, in previous reports, very few embryos cultured in conventional medium have reached the expanded blastocyst stage following in-vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the developmental competence of human embryos following IVM/IVF could be enhanced by the use of a human ampullary cell co-culture system. Immature human oocytes were aspirated from small follicles at Caesarean section and then cultured in medium containing human menopausal gonadotrophin for 36 to 48 h, followed by insemination. Zygotes were randomly cultured either in conventional culture medium alone or in the co-culture system. Of 48 embryos cultured in conventional medium alone, all arrested at the 2-16- cell stage on day 3 after insemination. Of 46 embryos cultured in the co-culture system, 26 embryos (56.5%) arrested at the 2-16-cell stage. Six embryos (13%) developed to the morula stage. Fourteen embryos (30.4%) developed to expanded blastocysts and two blastocysts were hatching on day 7 after insemination. We conclude that co-culture significantly enhances the development of blastocysts in embryos resulting from IVM/IVF.      

Human anti-JC virus serum reacts with native but not denatured JC virus major capsid protein VP1

The immunoreactivity of human anti-JC virus (JCV) serum against the major capsid protein VP1 of JCV was analyzed by Western blot, dot blot, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. JCV-positive human serum reacted with native but not denatured JCV major capsid protein VP1, as demonstrated by dot blot and Western blot. Rabbit antiserum raised against native JCV capsid had immunoreactivities similar to those of human anti-JCV serum. These results indicate that the antigenecity of native and denatured JCV VP1 is different. In addition, both JCV-positive human serum and rabbit antiserum raised against native JCV capsid protein inhibited the hemagglutination activity of JCV capsid particles. In contrast, rabbit antiserum raised against denatured JCV VP1 did not inhibit hemagglutination. These findings reveal that denaturation may alter the antigenic epitopes of JCV VP1. Therefore, keeping the JCV capsid protein native appears to be essential for serological or other immunological analyses of the virus.     

Transcriptome analysis in blastocyst hatching by cDNA microarray

BACKGROUND: Hatching is an important process for early embryo development, differentiation and implantation. However, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms. By integrating the technologies of RNA amplification and cDNA microarrays, it has become possible to study the gene expression profile at this critical stage. METHODS: Pre-hatched and hatched ICR mouse embryos (25 blastocysts in each group were used in the triplicate experiments) were collected for RNA extraction, amplification, and microarray analysis (the mouse cDNA microarray, 6144 genes, including expressed sequence tags). RESULTS: According to cDNA microarray data, we have identified 85 genes that were expressed at a higher level in hatched blastocyst than in pre-hatched blastocysts. In this study, 47 hatching-related candidate genes were verified via re-sequencing. Some of these genes have been selected and confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. These hatching-specific genes were also expressed at a lower level in the delayed growth embryos (morula or blastocyst without hatching at day 6 post hCG). These genes included: cell adhesion and migration molecules [E-cadherin, neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7 (Lgals7), vanin 3 and biglycan], epigenetic regulators (Dnmt1, and SIN3 yeast homolog A), stress response regulators (heme oxygenase 1) and immunoresponse regulators [interleukin (IL)-2-inducible T-cell kinase, IL-4R, interferon-gamma receptor 2, and neurotrophin]. The immunostaining of E-cadherin and NCAM showed strong and specific localization in hatched blastocyst. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides important information for studying the mechanisms of blastocyst hatching and implantation. These hatching-specific genes may have potential as new drug targets for controlling fertility.