Studies on Perceived Breast Milk Insufficiency: III. Consequences for Breast Milk Consumption and Growth

ABSTRACT. Fifty-one mother–infant pairs were followed prospectively during the period 3 days to 18 months after delivery. In total 54.9% of the mothers experienced transient lactation crises, emanating mostly from a perception of breast milk insufficiency. Within the crisis group no significant difference in the infants' intake of breast milk during the crises compared with control measurements 1 week later was found. Nor had the crises any immediate impact on growth of the infants. A comparison between the crisis and the non-crisis group, revealed that the breast milk consumption in the crisis group was throughout lower with significant differences at 3 and 5 months. The infants in the crisis group also had a significantly lower weight at 2, 3, 4 and 9 months and were significantly thinner for their height at 1–6 months and at 9 months, although both groups were above the NCHS mean. We conclude that even if the infants in the crisis group had a lower consumption and a slower growth development, the differences were comparatively small. Furthermore, evidence was provided that the breast milk insufficiency occasionally perceived as acute by the mothers was in most cases not real.     

A Bacteriological Comparison between Two Methods of Exchange Transfusion

Twenty-three cases of hyperbilirubinemia in newborn babies were treated with exchange transfusions according to the method of Sanchez. Bacteriological samples were examined from the inner surface of the fresh cut end of the umbilical stump and from the part of the umbilical vein used in Sanchez's method. Growth was obtained in 16 cases from the stump and in three cases from the vein.     

Controlled Clinical Trial of Treatment with Cimetidine for Non-ulcer Dyspepsia

ABSTRACT The effect of cimetidine (1 g daily) and placebo was studied in a controlled clinical trial comprising 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia in whom an organic abnormality responsible for the dyspeptic symptoms was not disclosed by a standardized and extensive examination programme. Reduction of symptoms occurred in 13 (54%) out of 24 patients treated with cimetidine and in 16 (62%) out of 26 treated with placebo. The difference was insignificant, as were the alterations in the individual dyspeptic symptoms between the groups. Only 6 patients (25%) on cimetidine and 8 (31%) on placebo treatment had a total relief of symptoms. Of these, all cimetidine-treated patients remained free from symptoms during the successive 3-month observation period, while the dyspeptic symptoms relapsed in 3 (38%) placebo-treated patients. Subsequent resumption of placebo treatment reduced the symptoms in all 3 patients, but only one became free from symptoms. Cimetidine does not seem to be superior to placebo in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia in patients without any previous history of ulcer or without any sign on endoscopy of an active or previous ulcer disease.     

Copper-tin phases in dental silver amalgam alloy

abstract – The ternary equilibrium silver-copper-tin diagram has been investigated in the region 25–30 weight-% Sn, 0–4 weight-% Cu using an X-ray diffraction technique. Phase fields containing Cu₃Sn (ɛ) and Cu₆Sn₅ (η') were indicated. In addition, the phases formed during non-equilibrium treatment have been determined.     

The Cerebrospinal Fluid in Immature Infants

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 36 healthy immature infants was examined with regard to cell count and content of protein and bilirubin. The cell count was high, falling with increasing age. The individual variations were very great, and counts as high as 112/3 mm³ were recorded during the first days of life. There was no difference in this respect between small and large immature infants. The CSF protein level was highest in the smallest infants (maximum 292 mg/100 ml). No correlation could be demonstrated between the bilirubin levels in serum and CSF, or between the general condition of the infant and the serum bilirubin level. A high CSF redcell count was frequently recorded, although there were no signs of (cerebral) haemorrhage.     

Thiazide Prophylaxis of Urolithiasis

ABSTRACT Fifty recurrent stone formers were included in a double-blind randomized study (median 3 years) performed in a Norwegian general practice to compare twice daily administration of 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide versus placebo. The number of patients with new stones was significantly higher in the placebo group than in the thiazide group (p=0.05, one-tailed test). If a new stone was formed, thiazide, but not placebo, had the effect of prolonging the stone-free interval (p≤0.01). The probability of not forming a new stone during the treatment period was 45% for the placebo group and 75% for the thiazide group. The thiazide effect seemed to be independent of urinary calcium, but was less beneficial in patients with hyperuricosuria. The placebo group also showed a substantial decrease in the expected number of new stones (p≤0.01), emphasizing the importance of an adequate control group.