Nurse turnover and perceived causes and consequences: a preliminary study at private hospitals in Indonesia

Background

Despite the inevitable growing rate of nurse turnover worldwide and its consequences, limited empirical data has been published in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the nurse turnover pattern at private hospitals, its causes and consequences as perceived by the hospitals’ managers.

Methods

A survey method was used to obtain secondary and primary data from five private general hospitals in three administrative regions in East Java, Indonesia. The data of nurse turnover and demographic characteristics were collected. Mann Whitney test and relative risk analysis was performed to explore the role of nurse characteristics on nurses’ decision to leave their job. To explore the causes and consequences of nurse turnover, an online survey was conducted to twelve hospital managers. The data was then classified based on similar themes.

Results

The data show that nurse turnover is between 12 and 34%. Being up to thirty years old, single, and having worked in the hospital up to three years significantly increase the risk of turnover. Personal reasons, external attractions and unsuitable working conditions are the three common nurse turnover reasons revealed by hospital managers. Hospital managers admitted that nurse turnover disturbs hospital operations, further impacting the hospital’s revenue and costs.

Conclusions

The nurse turnover is higher than the acceptable level which is significantly predicted by age, marital status and job tenure. Further research is needed to develop nurse retention strategy in their early years of employment, based on the nurse’s point of view.

     

PMEPA1/TMEPAI isoforms function via its PY and Smad‐interaction motifs for tumorigenic activities of breast cancer cells

PMEPA1 (prostate transmembrane protein, androgen‐induced 1)/TMEPAI (transmembrane prostate androgen‐induced protein) is highly expressed in diverse cancers, including breast, lung and prostate cancers. It consists of four isoforms with distinct extracellular regions (isoforms a‐d). The expression and function of these isoforms are still poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the preferentially expressed isoforms in breast cancer cells and analyze possible differences in tumorigenic functions. In this study, we used 5′ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Western blot analyses to identify the mRNA variants and protein isoforms of TMEPAI and found that TMEPAI isoform d as the major isoform expressed by TGF‐β stimulation in breast cancer cells. We then generated CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated TMEPAI knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines and used a lentiviral expression system to complement each isoform individually. Although there were no clear functional differences between isoforms, double PPxY (PY) motifs and a Smad‐interaction motif (SIM) of TMEPAI were both essential for colony and sphere formation. Collectively, our results provide a novel insight into TMEPAI isoforms in breast cancer cells and showed that coordination between double PY motifs and a SIM of TMEPAI are essential for colony and sphere formation but not for monolayer cell proliferation.     

In silico modification of oseltamivir as neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza A virus subtype H1N1

This research focused on the modification of the functional groups of oseltamivir as neuraminidase inhibitor against influenza A virus subtype H1N1.Interactions of three of the best ligands were evaluated in the hydrated state using molecular dynamics simulation at two different temperatures.The docking result showed that AD3BF2 D ligand(N-[(1S,6R)-5-amino-5-{[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy}-4-formylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetamide-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate) had better binding energy values than standard oseltamivir.AD3BF2 D had several interactions,including hydrogen bonds,with the residues in the catalytic site of neuraminidase as identified by molecular dynamics simulation.The results showed that AD3BF2 D ligand can be used as a good candidate for neuraminidase inhibitor to cope with influenza A virus subtype H1N1.     

Genomic analysis of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) genotypes from Surabaya,Indonesia

Dengue has caused a significant public health impact globally. With the diverse genetic of the causative viruses, analysis of dengue virus (DENV) genomes is important to supplement epidemiological data with information that can be used to reconstruct the history of epidemics in time and space. We have reported the clinical and virological characteristics of dengue in Surabaya, Indonesia and revealed the presence of all four DENV serotypes and the predominance of DENV-1. The further classification of Surabaya DENV-1 into two different genotypes warrants in-depth genomic analysis to study the dynamics of both genotypes and their contribution to virus evolution, virus transmission, and disease. We performed full-length genome sequencing to nine isolates’ representatives from DENV-1 Genotype I and Genotype IV. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses suggested the more recent introduction of Genotype I viruses compared to the more endemic Genotype IV. Comparative analysis of Surabaya DENV-1 genomes and other sequences available publicly revealed that the majority of the DENV-1 codons were under strong purifying selection, while seven codon sites identified to be under positive selection. We highlight a unique codon site under the positive pressure in the NS1 gene of DENV-1. Our results provide additional genomic data of DENV from Indonesia that may contribute to the better understanding of dengue disease dynamics.     

Inguinal hernia in children in Indonesia

A review of 475 inguinal hernia repairs in 463 patients was conducted at the Children's and Maternity Hospital, Jakarta, over the period January 1986 — December 1991. Repairs were done in 388 (83.8%) boys and 75 (16.2%) girls. Episodes of incarceration occured in 43 cases (9.29%); 51.1% of the patients were under 1 year of age, 43.9% were between 1 and 3 years, and only 4.9% were older than 3 years. The right side was more prone to incarceration, but this was not statistically significant. The question arises whether the contralateral, asymptomatic groin should be explored when a unilateral herniorraphy is done in an infant. A high incidence of bilateral inguinal hernias has been reported in children. However, in our study we did not find any sex or age variables that supported routine contralateral exploration. Correspondence to: E. M. Halimun     

Family stress experience in dealing with child victims of sexual violence

Objective

Stress is one of the responses experienced by families with child victims of sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to explore in depth the stress experienced by families dealing with child victims of sexual violence.