全文获取类型
收费全文 | 114篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 1篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 17篇 |
临床医学 | 5篇 |
内科学 | 30篇 |
神经病学 | 2篇 |
特种医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 48篇 |
药学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 105 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Gillian Rice Jenny Ingram Jacques Mizan 《The British journal of general practice》2008,58(552):465-470
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effect on patients and staff of the physical environment in primary care facilities. AIM: To explore changes in patient and staff satisfaction, patient anxiety, and patient-doctor communication when a GP surgery moves from old premises to enhanced purpose-built accommodation. DESIGN OF STUDY: Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and focus groups pre- and post move. SETTING: An urban general practice in Bristol. METHOD: Patient questionnaires assessed anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI), satisfaction with the environment, and communication during the consultation. Staff questionnaires assessed satisfaction with the environment and job satisfaction. Qualitative methods explored patient and staff views in more depth. RESULTS: A total of 1118 pre-move and 954 post-move patient questionnaires showed significant increases in satisfaction scores for reception/waiting areas (mean 6.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]=5.97 to 6.95) and consulting rooms (mean 3.80, 95% CI=3.44 to 4.15) in the new premises. Patients' satisfaction with patient-doctor communication also increased (mean 0.88, 95% CI=0.30 to 1.46) and anxiety scores were significantly reduced before and after the consultation in the new premises compared with the old (STAI mean difference before consultation 0.72, 95% CI=0.37 to 1.08; mean after consultation 0.37, 95% CI=0.03 to 0.72). Patients highlighted the increased space and light, more modern appearance, greater comfort, and novel works of art in the new surgery. Staff workplace satisfaction increased significantly after moving and remained higher than in the old building. CONCLUSION: This large-scale study examining the effects of a UK primary care environment on patients and staff shows that an enhanced environment is associated with improvements in patients' perception of patient-doctor communication, reduction in anxiety, and increases in patient and staff satisfaction. 相似文献
4.
Berhane K Karim R Cohen MH Masri-Lavine L Young M Anastos K Augenbraun M Watts DH Levine AM 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2004,37(2):1245-1252
BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in HIV-infected individuals and may be associated with decreased survival. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on anemia and the relationship between anemia and overall survival in HIV-infected women. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study of HIV-1 infection in women. Visits occurred every 6 months, including a standardized history, physical examination, and comprehensive laboratory evaluation. The setting was a university-affiliated clinic at 6 sites in the United States. Participants were 2056 HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The outcome measure was anemia, defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <12 g/dL. Survival analysis was based on overall mortality during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected women who were not anemic at baseline, 47% became anemic by 3.5 years of follow-up. On multivariate analysis, the use of HAART was associated with resolution of anemia even when used for only 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; P < 0.05). In the multivariate model, a CD4 cell count <200 cells/microL (OR = 0.56; P < 0.001); HIV-1 RNA level > or =50,000 copies/mL (OR = 0.65; P < 0.001), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value <80 fL (OR = 0.40; P < 0.001) were also associated with an inability to correct anemia. Similarly, use of HAART for 12 months or more was associated with a protective effect against development of anemia (OR = 0.71; P < 0.001). Among HIV-infected women, anemia was independently associated with decreased survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.58; P < 0.001). Other factors associated with decreased survival included a CD4 cell count <200 cells/microL (HR = 5.83; P < 0.001), HIV-1 RNA level > or = 50,000 copies/mL (HR = 2.12; P < 0.001), and clinical diagnosis of AIDS (HR = 2.83; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is an independent risk factor for decreased survival among HIV-infected women. HAART therapy for as little as 6 months is associated with resolution of anemia. 相似文献
5.
Bruno Manfredini Baroni MSc Jeam Marcel Geremia MSc Rodrigo Rodrigues PE Rodrigo De Azevedo Franke PE Kiros Karamanidis PhD Marco Aurélio Vaz PhD 《Muscle & nerve》2013,48(4):498-506
Introduction: Changes in muscle architecture induced by eccentric knee extensor training remain unclear, as well the adaptive responses of synergistic knee extensor muscles with different geometrical designs. Methods: Ultrasonography images were taken from rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) of 20 male volunteers before and after a non‐training control period of 4 weeks, and additional evaluations were performed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of isokinetic eccentric training. Results: RF and VL had significant changes in muscle architecture within the first 4 training weeks, and the adaptive response throughout the intervention was similar. Muscle thickness increased by around 7–10%, fascicle length increased 17–19%, and pennation angle was unchanged. Conclusions: Increased muscle thickness due to eccentric training was related to increased fascicle length and not to pennation angle changes. Although RF and VL have a different fascicular geometry, they had similar morphological adaptations to eccentric training. Muscle Nerve 48 : 498–506, 2013 相似文献
6.
Yonas Meheretu sa Granberg Gebregiorgis Berhane Hussein Khalil Olivia Wesula Lwande Mengistu Mitiku Kiros Welegerima Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq Josef Bryja Hagos Abreha Herwig Leirs Frauke Ecke Magnus Evander 《Viruses》2021,13(6)
In 2012, Tigray orthohantavirus was discovered in Ethiopia, but its seasonal infection in small mammals, and whether it poses a risk to humans was unknown. The occurrence of small mammals, rodents and shrews, in human inhabitations in northern Ethiopia is affected by season and presence of stone bunds. We sampled small mammals in two seasons from low- and high-density stone bund fields adjacent to houses and community-protected semi-natural habitats in Atsbi and Hagere Selam, where Tigray orthohantavirus was first discovered. We collected blood samples from both small mammals and residents using filter paper. The presence of orthohantavirus-reactive antibodies in blood was then analyzed using immunofluorescence assay (human samples) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (small mammal samples) with Puumala orthohantavirus as antigen. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR using small mammal blood samples. Total orthohantavirus prevalence (antibodies or virus RNA) in the small mammals was 3.37%. The positive animals were three Stenocephalemys albipes rats (prevalence in this species = 13.04%). The low prevalence made it impossible to determine whether season and stone bunds were associated with orthohantavirus prevalence in the small mammals. In humans, we report the first detection of orthohantavirus-reactive IgG antibodies in Ethiopia (seroprevalence = 5.26%). S. albipes lives in close proximity to humans, likely increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission. 相似文献
7.
Vessey JP Lalonde MR Mizan HA Welch NC Kelly ME Barnes S 《Journal of neurophysiology》2004,92(2):1252-1256
We show that carbenoxolone, a drug used to block hemichannels in the retina to test the ephaptic model of horizontal cell inhibitory feedback, has strong inhibitory effects on voltage-gated Ca channels. Carbenoxolone (100 microM) reduced photoreceptor-to-horizontal cell synaptic transmission by 92%. Applied to patch-clamped, isolated cone photoreceptors, carbenoxolone inhibited Ca channels with an EC(50) of 48 microM. At 100 microM, it reduced cone Ca channel current by 37%, reduced depolarization-evoked [Ca(2+)] signals in fluo-4 loaded retinal slices by 57% and inhibited Ca channels in Müller cells by 52%. A synaptic transfer model suggests that the degree of block of Ca channels accounts for the reduction in synaptic transmission. These results suggest broad inhibitory actions for carbenoxolone in the retina that must be considered when interpreting its effects on inhibitory feedback. 相似文献
8.
Arampatzis A Karamanidis K De Monte G Stafilidis S Morey-Klapsing G Brüggemann GP 《Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)》2004,19(3):277-283
OBJECTIVE: Examine two hypotheses: (a) during isometric knee extension contractions the moment measured at the dynamometer is different from the resultant moment in the same plane around the knee joint and (b) during isometric contractions, at the same given resultant moment the knee angle while loading is different from the knee angle while unloading. DESIGN: Comparative study in which the geometrical and the kinetic differences between joint and dynamometer were determined. BACKGROUND: It is usually assumed that the moment measured by the dynamometer is equivalent to the resultant joint moment. The non-rigidity of the dynamometer-leg system can influence the equivalence of these two moments. METHOD: Twenty seven subjects performed isometric maximal knee extension contractions and contractions induced by electrostimulation on a dynamometer. The kinematics of the leg were recorded using 8 cameras (120 Hz). RESULTS: The resultant moment at the knee joint and the moment measured by the dynamometer are different. During a knee extension effort the knee angle changes significantly. At identical resultant knee joint moments the knee angles are different when comparing the loading and the unloading phases. CONCLUSIONS: The differences between the measured and the resultant joint moments might influence the estimation of parameters as: muscle forces, moment-angle relationship and strain and hysteresis of tendons and aponeuroses. RELEVANCE: Torque dynamometers have been often used to estimate muscle forces, to examine neuromuscular processes and to determine the mechanical properties of tendons and aponeuroses. 相似文献
9.
Millstein J Gilliland F Berhane K Gauderman WJ McConnell R Avol E Rappaport EB Peters JM 《Archives of environmental health》2004,59(10):505-514
To investigate the effects of 12 monthly average air pollution levels on monthly prevalence of respiratory morbidity, the authors examined retrospective questionnaire data on 2034 4th-grade children from 12 Southern California communities that were enrolled in The Children's Health Study. Wheezing during the spring and summer months was associated with community levels of airborne particulate matter with a diameter < or = 10 microm (PM10) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46-5.80), but was not associated with community levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 (diameter < or = 2.5), nitric acid, or formic acid. Logistic regression was performed on data stratified into two seasonal groups, spring/summer and fall/winter. Among asthmatics, the monthly prevalence of asthma medication use was associated with monthly levels of ozone, nitric acid, and acetic acid (OR = 1.80 [95%CI = 1.19-2.70]; OR = 1.80 [95%CI = 1.23-2.65]; OR = 1.57 [95% CI = 1.11-2.21]; respectively). Asthma medication use was more prevalent among children who spent more time outdoors--with consequential exposure to ozone--than among children who spent more time indoors (OR = 3.07 [95%CI = 1.61-5.86]; OR = 1.31 [95%CI = 0.47-2.71]; respectively). The authors concluded that monthly variations in some ambient air pollutants were associated with monthly respiratory morbidity among school children. 相似文献
10.