高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素

目的:建立检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的分析方法。方法:本文利用液相色谱带二极管阵列检测器,检测波长240 nm,C18色谱柱,流动相:乙腈+水=40+60,测定化妆品中氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,醋酸氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松。结果:在化妆品中糖皮质激素的最低检出浓度0.5μg/g,回归系数r≥0.9997。各糖皮质激素添加量为5μg时,氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松的添加回收率分别为79.2%±4.6%,83.5%±3.1%,85.3%±6.4%,86.7%±5.1%,85.5%±3.7%和82.1%±0.8%;添加量为50μg时,添加回收率分别为86.6%±5.0%,88.8%±4.5%,89.3%±4.7%,94.6%±5.2%,91.6%±4.4%和90.7%±4.5%。结论:该方法简单,分离效果好,能够满足检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的需要。     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

PVC管材中氯乙烯单体测定方法的改进

目的:改进测定PVC管材中氯乙烯单体的检测方法。方法:在分离上,用SPB-1毛细管柱(60m×0.32mm×0.25μm)取代填充柱;在样品的制备方面进行了改进,先用电动转头将PVC管材进行粉碎,另外增加了溶解1gPVC材料的所需溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)的用量。结果:我们采用毛细管柱替代填充柱进行了分离,取得较好的分离效果。在PVC材料中按1μg/g添加氯乙烯,测得平均添加回收率97.8%,标准偏差2.1%。结论:该方法分离效果好,能满足测定PVC材料制成的管材管件中氯乙烯单体,最低检出限和准确度的需要。     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary nutrition on dental fluorosis degrees of school children in endemic fluorosis areas. Methods Two hundred and eight children aged 8 to 12 years were chosen using cluster random sampling method from a village of municipal suburban and a town of autonomous region, both with a history of serious endemic fluorosis. Morning urinary fluoride was measured by fluoride ion electrode. The Tooth Surface Index of Dean was applied to measure the severity of dental fluorosis. Food and nutrient intakes were analyzed according to the 3-day diet records and duplicate meals. Results The urinary fluoride concentration of the children in the town [(6.80±3.90)mg/L]was much higher than those in the village [(5.20±2.75)mg/L, t= 3.21, P < 0.01]. Dental fluorosis index of the children in the town was 1.9, higher than that of the village of 1.8 (H=10.266, P < 0.01). The town had more children with fluoride tooth degree higher than Ⅱ [63.3%(57/90)]than the village did[48.3% (57/118), χ2=4.633, P < 0.05]. A 3-days diet records showed that children in the village ate more protein, calcium, vitamin C and so on but less dietary fiber, vitamin E, magnesium than those in the town did(all P < 0.01). Duplicate meals revealed that children in the town had more daily intake of magnesium, lithium, lead and less cadmium than those of the village did(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Children in the village had higher intake of fluoride[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]than those of the town [(1.78±0.06)mg/d, t = 4.21, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Healthy diet can reduce the incidence of dental fluorosis or mitigate the degree of the impairment. This study can provide scientific basis for the future control and elimination of endemic fluorosis.     

化妆品中检出邻苯二甲酸酯情况的调查

环境激素就是一类存在于生物机体之外的、具有与人和生物内分泌激素作用类似的物质,有时能引起生物内分泌紊乱,也称环境内分泌干扰物。国内外对环境激素开展广泛调查和研究已有近十年的历史了,环境激素邻苯二甲酸酯,主要作为增塑剂、软化剂、载体等应用在化妆品、洗涤剂、建筑材料和润滑油中,     

我国常用三类化学农药的色谱检测方法研究进展

色谱检测方法是目前农药残留检测的重要方法。笔者介绍了目前我国农业生产中常用的化学农药的使用情况,综述了常用的新烟碱类杀虫剂、三唑类杀菌剂和磺酰脲类除草剂的色谱检测方法(气相色谱、液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱、液相色谱-质谱)的研究进展。色谱-质谱联用技术是多种农药残留同时检测的首选方法。新型前处理方法与色谱-质谱联用及自动化程度高的在线实时检测已经成为现代农药残留分析的发展趋势。     

膳食营养对小学生氟斑牙发病程度的影响

目的 探讨氟中毒病区小学生的膳食营养状况对其氟斑牙发病程度的影响.方法 从饮水型氟中毒历史重病区某直辖市郊区镇(以下简称郊区镇)和某自治区某旗镇(以下简称某旗镇)整群随机抽样208名8～12岁小学生作为调查对象,用离子选择电极法测定尿氟,按Dean分类法检查氟斑牙病损程度,采用三日膳食调查法和双份饭菜法分析小学生营养素摄入状况.结果 某旗镇小学生尿氟为(6.80±3.90)mg/L,明显高于郊区镇小学生[(5.20±2.75)mg/L,t=3.21,P<0.01].郊区镇小学生氟斑牙指数为1.8,某旗镇小学生氟斑牙指数为1.9,二者比较差异有统计学意义(H=10.266,P<0.01).某旗镇小学生氟斑牙临床分度数加权值≥2的人数所占比例[63.3%(57/90)]高于郊区镇小学生[48.3%(57/118),χ2=4.633,P<0.05].三日膳食调查法发现,郊区镇小学生对蛋白质、钙、维生素C等12种营养素的摄入量明显高于某旗镇小学生,而膳食纤维、维生素E、镁等5种营养素的摄入量则低于某旗镇小学生(P均<0.01).双份饭菜法发现,某旗镇小学生镁、锂、铅的日摄入最高于郊区镇小学生,而镉的日摄入量则低于郊区镇小学生(P<0.01或<0.05).郊区镇小学生膳食中氟的日摄入量[(2.24±1.18)mg/d]高于某旗镇小学生[(1.78±0.06)mg/d,t=4.21,P<0.01].结论 良好的膳食营养可以减少氟斑牙的发生或减轻其病损程度,为今后控制和消除地方性氟中毒的危害提供科学依据.