赴亚丁湾海域护航舰船卫生防疫工作的做法

目的总结保障基地防检所赴亚丁湾海域为护航舰船开展卫生防疫工作的做法和体会,为类似非战争军事行动卫生防疫保障工作提供借鉴。方法对护航舰艇卫生防疫特点、工作方法进行回顾性总结。结果在备航阶段详细收集资料,制定防疫预案;物资准备,应对突发疫情;收集健康教育资料,组织心理测评;加强卫生安全检验,严把上舰食品、水质检疫关。在护航期间做好6个方面工作:(1)坚持做好日常食品卫生监督工作;(2)坚持做好饮食饮水卫生学检测;(3)坚持对食品库房进行检查和检测;(4)坚持做好舰艇的消杀灭;(5)坚持做好对垃圾污物的处理监督;(6)坚持做好健康教育和心理疏导。并对防疫工作进行了调整和拓展。结论远洋护航舰艇的卫生防疫保障要着眼护航特点和实际,科学严谨制定各项防疫措施,并加以认真落实,是在今后护航中值得借鉴的工作经验。     

水面舰艇长远航期间舰员心理状况研究

目的 研究水面舰艇长远航期间舰员的心理状况变化情况,为制定合理的心理卫生保健措施提供依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),分别于出航前7 d和出航第77、142、204天时,对执行远航任务的某水面舰艇官兵进行"重复性横断面"团体问卷抽样调查分析,并与中国军人常模作比较.结果 出航前舰员的群体心理状况良好,SCL-90总均分和多项因子分值均明显低于军人常模值(P＜0.05);出航第77天舰员的SCL-90总均分、躯体化、敌对性、偏执、其他因子均分都高于出航前水平(P＜0.05),其中敌对性和偏执因子分明显高于军人常模值(P＜0.01).出航第142天和204天,舰员SCL-90总均分和各因子分值明显回落,仅"其他"因子项均分仍显著高于出航前(P＜0.01).SCL-90筛查阳性率比较显示,出航第77天(15.1%)和出航第204天(20.0%)均明显高于出航前(2.4%)(P＜0.01),而出航第142天(7.7%)与出航前相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 舰员的群体心理状态在长远航早期明显低落,而在中后期经调整适应后趋于常态化;但舰员的个体心理状态在后期出现了明显的分化趋势.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate changes in the nental health status of the ship crew onboard surface naval vessels during a prolonged deployment, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of sound psychological health service measures for the ship crew. Methods Reproducibility and cross - sectional survey were conducted to investigate the emotional status of the ship crew aboard a certain naval surface vessel with symptom check list (SCL-90), 7 days before deployment, and on the 77th, 142nd, and 204th days after deployment during a prolonged ocean - going voyage. The obtained data were compared with the norms of the Chinese servicemen. Results The mental health status of the ship crew was on the whole in good mode before deployment. Total average score and various SCL-90 patterns were obviously lower than the norms of the Chinese servicemen(P＜0. 05 ). On the 77th day after deployment, the psychological state of the ship crew degraded markedly, manifested by the elevation of the SCL-90 total mean score and other scores, such as somatizaion, hostility, crankiness and other factors, when compared with those after deployment( P ＜0. 05 ).Of all the scores, the scores of hostility and crankiness were significantly higher than the norms of the Chinese servicemen( P ＜0. 01 ). Total SCL-90 average score and various factor scores on the 142nd and 204th days after deployment dropped sharply, except that one other factor score of SCL-90 was higher than that before deployment(P ＜0. 01 ). Screening positive rate of SCL-90 indicated that positive rates on the 77th( 15. 1% )and 204th days ( 20% ) were all obviously higher than that of pre - deployment( 2. 4% ) ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). However,no statistical differences could be seen in the scores on 142nd day(7.7% ), when compared with that of predeployment(2. 4% ) ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The psychological status of the ship crew, on the whole,degraded markedly during the initial stage of a prolonged deployment, then, would gradually come to normal with adaptation thereafter. Nevertheless, individual psychological status showed a tendency of obvious differentiation in the late stage of deployment.