PTEN蛋白和CyclinD1在垂体瘤中的表达和相关性研究

目的:探讨垂体瘤中抑癌基因PTEN和CyclinD1表达的临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学技术检测56例垂体肿瘤,5例正常垂体组织中PTEN和CyclinD1蛋白的表达情况。结果:5例正常垂体组织和22例非侵袭垂体瘤中PTEN表达阳性率和强阳性率比34例侵袭性垂体瘤中PTEN的强阳性率和阳性率强度明显增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。正常垂体组织和非侵袭性垂体瘤细胞内CyclinD1蛋白表达较弱,甚至不表达,侵袭性垂体瘤细胞内CyclinD1的表达率和强度明显增加(P<0.01),并且发现在PTEN蛋白表达显著减少的病例中伴随CyclinD1蛋白表达增加,经过相关性分析发现两者呈显著性相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:抑癌基因PTEN的失活和CyclinD1蛋白表达增加与垂体瘤的侵袭性有一定的相关性。     

加入WTO后我国健康相关产品管理的挑战与机遇

2001年我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)，作为WTO成员国按照国际贸易规则建立一个完整的、更具活力和长久性的多边产品贸易体制，促进和规范产品贸易良好发展是我们面临的任务之一。WTO成员国通过降低关税和其他贸易壁垒，在国际贸易中消除歧视性待遇，达到互惠互利的目的。WTO诸     

Facile synthesis of high-surface-area nanoporous carbon from biomass resources and its application in supercapacitors

It is critical for nanoporous carbons to have a large surface area, and low cost and be readily available for challenging energy and environmental issues. The pursuit of all three characteristics, particularly large surface area, is a formidable challenge because traditional methods to produce porous carbon materials with a high surface area are complicated and expensive, frequently resulting in pollution (commonly from the activation process). Here we report a facile method to synthesize nanoporous carbon materials with a high surface area of up to 1234 m² g⁻¹ and an average pore diameter of 0.88 nm through a simple carbonization procedure with carefully selected carbon precursors (biomass material) and carbonization conditions. It is the high surface area that leads to a high capacitance (up to 213 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹) and a stable cycle performance (6.6% loss over 12 000 cycles) as shown in a three-electrode cell. Furthermore, the high capacitance (107 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹) can be obtained in a supercapacitor device. This facile approach may open a door for the preparation of high surface area porous carbons for energy storage.

High-surface-area nanoporous carbon is obtained by direct pyrolysis of biomass resources without an activation process. An electrochemical test shows high capacitance.     

Robust H∞ performance analysis for uncertain discrete‐time singular systems with time‐varying delays

This paper considers the problem of robust H∞ performance analysis for uncertain discrete‐time singular systems with time‐varying delays. Firstly, a delay‐dependent stability criterion under the H∞ performance index for the systems is given based on constructing a generalized Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and introducing a new difference inequality. Then, a sufficient condition ensuing the system to be regular, causal as well as stable for all admissible uncertainties is proposed in terms of a set of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, we provide examples to show the reduced conservatism and effectiveness of the proposed conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein positive gastric cancer in Chinese patients

Purpose: This study aimed to review the clinicopathological, histochemical, and prognostic features of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) positive gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Six hundred and fifty one patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between January 2009 and December 2012 at The First Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled in the study. Among them, 45 patients were identified as AFP positive gastric cancer. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of the AFP positive gastric cancer patients were analyzed. Results: Among the 45 AFP positive patients, serum levels of AFP were < 100 µg/L in nine patients. The histological classification of 45 patients was as follows: hepatoid type, 25 (55.6%) cases; fetal gastrointestinal type, 12 (26.7%) cases; yolk sac tumor type, 2 (4.4%) cases; and mixed type, 6 (13.3%) cases. Twenty nine (64.4%) cases were AFP positive by immunohistochemical analysis; we found no significant difference in AFP positivity and histologic type. However, the differences in the number of metastasis lymph nodes, the maximum tumor diameter, pathological stage, vascular invasion and liver metastasis between the AFP positive group and the negative group were significant. At the same T stage, the liver metastasis status of the AFP positive group was higher than that of the negative group. The AFP positive group had a much poorer prognosis than the negative group. Conclusion: AFP positive gastric cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and poorer prognosis compared to that of AFP negative gastric cancer.     

Uterine development and fertility are dependent on gene dosage of the nuclear receptor coregulator REA

Although the effectiveness of nuclear hormone-receptor complexes is known to depend on coregulator partner proteins, relatively little is known about the roles of coregulators in uterine development and early stages of pregnancy and implantation. Because conventional genetic deletion of the coregulator, repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA), was embryonic lethal, we here study REA conditional knockout mice generated by cre-loxP recombination, in which REA function was abrogated only in progesterone receptor-expressing tissues, to define the roles of REA in postembryonic stages and in a tissue-specific manner. We find that REA has gene dose-dependent activity impacting uterine development and fertility. Conditional homozygous mutant (REA(d/d)) mice developed to adulthood and showed normal ovarian function, but females were infertile with severely compromised uterine development and function characterized by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and altered adenogenesis (endometrial gland morphogenesis), resulting in failure of implantation and decidualization. By contrast, mice heterozygous for REA (REA(f/d)) had a very different phenotype, with estradiol treatment resulting in hyperstimulated, large uteri showing increased proliferation of luminal epithelial cells, and enhanced fluid imbibition associated with altered regulation of aquaporins. These REA(f/d) female mice showed a subfertility phenotype with reduced numbers and sizes of litters. These findings highlight that uterine development and regulation of estrogen receptor activities show a bimodal dependence on the gene dosage of REA. Optimal uterine development and functional activities require the normal gene dosage of REA, with partial or complete deletion resulting in hyperresponsiveness or underresponsiveness to hormone and subfertility or infertility, respectively.     

胶质瘤组织中GRK5和Ki-67的表达情况及临床意义

目的:探讨GRK5和Ki-67在胶质瘤组织中的表达情况,与胶质瘤临床病理特征之间的关系及GRK5和Ki-67在胶质瘤中的预后价值。方法:本研究收集2014年1月至2017年1月我院手术切除的104例脑胶质瘤患者的组织标本及同期因颅内损伤行颅内减压术手术切除的正常脑组织20例,采用免疫组化SP法检测胶质瘤组织及其正常脑组织中GRK5和Ki-67的表达水平。相关分析采用Spearman等级相关分析法。采用卡方检验分析GRK5和Ki-67在胶质瘤组织中的表达与临床病理特征的相关性。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier和Log-rank 检验,预后分析采用Cox比例风险模型。结果:通过免疫组化检测结果显示,GRK5在104例胶质瘤组织中阳性表达66例,阳性率为63.5%;在20例正常脑组织中阳性表达2例,阳性率为10.0%。Ki-67在104例胶质瘤组织中阳性表达69例,阳性率为66.3%;在20例正常脑组织中阳性表达率为0.0%。通过Spearman等级相关分析得出,胶质瘤组织中GRK5和Ki-67表达呈正相关（r=0.558,P=0.000）。分析GRK5和Ki-67的表达与胶质瘤患者临床病理特征之间的关系,结果显示GRK5和Ki-67的表达与WHO分级有关（P＜0.05）,与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤类型无关（P＞0.05）。对104例患者进行生存分析,结果显示GRK5阳性表达患者生存率显著低于阴性表达患者（P=0.033）;Ki-67阳性表达患者生存率显著低于阴性表达患者（P=0.033）。Cox回归模型分析结果显示,GRK5阳性表达和Ki-67阳性表达均是影响胶质瘤患者预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:GRK5和Ki-67与胶质瘤的发生发展及细胞增殖有关,GRK5和Ki-67有可能作为胶质瘤患者的预后标志物及临床检测或联合检测的指标,提高临床诊断率。     

原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断和外科治疗：附16例报告

目的：探讨原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断、外科治疗及疗效。
方法：回顾性分析河南省肿瘤医院2006年6月—2008年12月期间收治16例原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓患者的临床资料。
结果：16例患者均接受外科手术治疗,其中左半肝切除+胆总管切开取栓2例,右半肝切除+胆总管取栓3例,肝段切除+胆总管取栓4例,左半肝及肝门部胆管切除+胆肠吻合1例,肝中叶切除+胆总管取栓+门静脉取栓1例,扩大左半肝+左肝管取栓1例,右半肝切除+右肝管切除取栓1例,肝Ⅴ,Ⅵ段切除+断面取栓术1例,胆总管取栓2例。术后发生胆瘘1例,持续引流34d后拔出引流管治愈;无其他严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。全组均得到随访,平均生存时间23.6（4~63）个月,现存活6例,最长的存活时间为5年余。
结论：原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓的患者明确诊断后行积极的外科治疗,可获得较好的治疗效果。

     

端粒结合因子－1在脑膜瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨端粒结合因子－1（TRF1）在脑膜瘤及正常脑组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取26例脑膜瘤（其中良性脑膜瘤18例,恶性脑膜瘤8例）和10例正常脑组织（脑外伤患者内减压切除的脑组织）石蜡切片标本作为研究对象,应用免疫组化技术检测各组TRF1的表达水平,应用半定量法计算不同标本肿瘤细胞免疫标记的频率和强度积分。结果所有肿瘤组织及正常脑组织中均检测到TRF1表达,其中正常脑组织中TRF1表达高积分构成比为90．00％,良性脑膜瘤的TRF1高积分构成比为66．67％,恶性（间变性）脑膜瘤组为12．50％。经统计分析发现,TRF1在脑膜瘤中的表达与其恶性程度成负相关（L=－0．586,P=0．002）。结论TRF1在人脑膜瘤组织及正常脑组织中均有广泛表达,其在脑膜瘤中的表达水平与其恶性程度呈负相关,TRF1可作为脑膜瘤病理分级及恶性程度判断的参考指标。