Abstrakt 1. Nimmt ein Patient einen ihm von seinem (Zahn-)Arzt einger?umten Exklusiv-Termin nicht wahr, obwohl er auf dessen Eigenschaft
ausdrücklich hingewiesen wurde, so hat er dem (Zahn-)Arzt den Behandlungsausfall abzüglich eines angemessenen Eigenanteils
des (Zahn-)Arztes zu ersetzen.
2. Die Ersatzpflicht tritt auch dann ein, wenn der Patient den Termin nicht in der in dem Behandlungsvertrag vorgesehenen
Frist absagt. Eine hierfür seitens des (Zahn-)Arztes bestimmte Frist von zwei Tagen vor Behandlungsbeginn stellt sich für
den Patienten grunds?tzlich auch nicht als unangemessene Benachteiligung i.S. des § 307 BGB dar.
3. Ein Anspruch des Arztes entf?llt auch bei nur mündlicher Vereinbarung nicht unter dem Gesichtspunkt des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z,
denn diese Vorschrift ist teleologisch dahin zu reduzieren, dass nur zahn?rztliche Honoraransprüche aus erfolgten Behandlungen
schriftlich vereinbart werden müssen. Soweit es jedoch um einen vertraglichen Anspruch wegen einer Leistungsst?rung geht,
vermag das Schriftformerfordernis des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z grunds?tzlich nicht einzugreifen. (Leits?tze des Bearbeiters) 相似文献
Early during rat thymus ontogeny, an important proportion of thymocytes
expresses IL-2R and contains IL-2 mRNA. To investigate the role of the
IL-2-IL-2R complex in rat T cell maturation, we supplied either recombinant
rat IL-2 or blocking anti-CD25 mAb to rat fetal thymus organ cultures
(FTOC) under several experimental conditions. The IL-2 treatment initially
stimulated the growth of thymocytes and, as a result, induced T cell
differentiation, but the continuous addition of IL-2 to rat FTOC, as well
as the anti-CD25 administration, resulted in cell number decrease and
inhibition of thymocyte maturation. These results indicate that immature
rat thymocytes bear functional high- affinity IL-2R and that IL-2 promotes
T cell differentiation as a consequence of its capacity to stimulate cell
proliferation. Modifications in TCR alpha beta repertoire and increased
numbers of NKR- P1+ cells, largely NK cells, were also observed in
IL-2-treated FTOC. Furthermore, IL-2-responsiveness of different thymocyte
subsets changed throughout thymic ontogeny. Immature CD4-CD8-cells
responded to IL-2 in two stages, early in thymus development and around
birth, in correlation with the maturation of two distinct waves of thymic
cell progenitors. Mature CD8+ thymocytes maximally responded to IL-2 around
birth, supporting a role for IL-2 in the increased proliferation of mature
thymocytes observed in vivo in the perinatal period. Taken together, these
findings support a role for IL-2 in rat T cell development.
相似文献
The present study was undertaken to assess the temporal association between
the profiles of serum concentrations of oestradiol-17beta, progesterone,
chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) and relaxin in pregnancies established
naturally, and after embryo transfer, as well as in failed pregnancies in
rhesus monkeys. In naturally mated cycles (group 1) a conception rate of
75% was obtained. In group 1, the mean day of CG detection in serum was
11.5 +/- 1.9 day post-ovulation, and for relaxin, 9.0 +/- 2.5 day
post-ovulation. In group 2, embryo transfer to synchronous, non-mated
surrogate recipients was performed; seven embryo transfer cycles yielded
three pregnancies which were allowed to continue to term and normal infants
were delivered. In embryo transfer cycles the mean day of CG detection was
14.8 +/- 1.8 day post- ovulation, and for relaxin, 11.4 +/- 2.6 day
post-ovulation. A delay of about 3 days was observed in the appearance in
circulation of CG (P < 0.05) and also of relaxin (P < 0.05) between
natural mated and embryo transfer conception cycles. Significant
differences (P < 0.05 for progesterone and P < 0.03 for oestradiol)
were obtained for the areas under the curves for progesterone and
oestradiol between days 12 and 16 in conception cycles compared with failed
pregnancies. These data provide the first observation of the normal
hormonal signals associated with maternal recognition of transferred
embryos during the peri- implantation period, and suggest that the use of
such an experimental primate embryo transfer model may help to elucidate
components of maternal and embryonic signal-response mechanisms during
embryo implantation.
相似文献
A rapid microagglutination test has been developed which can be performed in 30 minutes. Ninety-seven percent of 96 patients diagnosed as having Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection by indirect immunofluorescence were also detected by the rapid microagglutination test. 相似文献
A total of 206 patients with Marfan syndrome were ascertained throughout genetic clinics in Wales and Scotland during the period 1970–1990. There were 45 deaths representing 22% of the cohort. Mean age at death was 45.3 ± 16.5 years. 50% median cumulative survival in the total cohort (n = 206) was 53 years for males and 72 years for females. Multivariate analysis confirmed severity as the best independent indicator of survival. These findings and survival curves will assist in the counselling of British families and individuals with Marfan syndrome. 相似文献
Background. To overcome the problems of late vein graft atherosclerosis, occlusion and need of coronary reoperations, we have adopted a strategy of total arterial coronary revascularization. We evaluated our experience with this strategy to establish its safety and efficacy.
Methods. All 3,220 consecutive patients who had total arterial coronary revascularization from January 1988 to June 1998 were evaluated. Data were collected prospectively. The mean age was 62.2 years. Of the patients, 595 (18.8%) had diabetes; 739 (23%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.50; and 484 (15%) were classified unstable/urgent. The conduits included 3,140 left internal thoracic arteries, 1,224 right internal thoracic arteries, and 2,417 radial arteries, 654 of which were bilateral. A
or
graft with the left internal thoracic artery was used in 467 patients. Patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, and yearly thereafter. Postoperative angiography was performed for symptoms or as part of an ethics committee–approved prospective study.
Results. The operative mortality rate was 0.7% (21 patients). Complications included stroke in 26 patients (0.8%), myocardial infarction in 27 (0.8%), sternal infection in 35 (1.1%), and reoperation for hemorrhage in 23 (0.7%). The peak level of the myocardial enzyme of creatine kinase was 16.4 ± 14.9 IU/L. Twenty-five patients (0.8%) required intraoperative or postoperative intraaortic balloon pump support. Mortality and stroke rates were higher in patients having reoperation (0.6% versus 1.8%; p = 0.11; and 0.7% versus 2.2%; p = 0.07, respectively). Postoperative angiographic patency was 97% at 5 years for the left internal thoracic artery (620 grafts), 89% at 5 years for the right internal thoracic artery (276 grafts), and 91% at 1 year for the radial artery (65 grafts).
Conclusions. Total arterial coronary revascularization can be performed safely with good patency rates in a large number of patients and may potentially avoid the sequelae of vein graft atherosclerosis. 相似文献