Cystic variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a benign, locally aggressive odontogenic neoplasm characterized by sheets and nests of epithelial cells with deeply eosinophilic or occasionally clear cytoplasm, calcifications, and eosinophilic amorphous material that stains positive for amyloid. Although many cases of CEOT are associated with impacted teeth and occasionally appear radiographically as dentigerous cysts, a true cystic variant has not been previously reported. We report a 15-year-old white male with a large cystic maxillary lesion that filled most of the left maxillary sinus. It deformed the medial wall, the inferior orbital floor, and caused narrowing of the left inferior meatus. Histologically, the cystic lining showed characteristics of CEOT. An intraluminal component that featured histologic characteristics of CEOT was identified during surgery. The lesion was enucleated and the postsurgical course of the patient was uneventful. Because follow-up has been for less than 1 year, a meaningful long-term prognosis cannot be determined at present. However, the patient has not reported any symptoms or signs of recurrence during the follow-up period.     

Surgical management of massive cerebellar infarction.

Massive cerebellar infarction accounts for less than 2% of strokes. Unlike massive hemispherical infarctions, in pure cerebellar infarctions, the prognosis is better. This case report discusses, a 61 year old lady who presented with atrial fibrillation and a massive cerebellar infarction. Timely surgical intervention reversed the deterioration in neurological status. The indications for surgical management, based on review of the literature, is presented.     

Traumatic haemarthrosis causing femoral head subluxation

We report seven children in whom traumatic haemarthrosis of the hip had produced lateral subluxation of the femoral head, which is different from the apparent displacement seen in Perthes' disease. In all seven cases, aspiration of the haemarthrosis allowed reduction of the femoral head, and follow-up for a mean of 14 months revealed no evidence of avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis. Traumatic haemarthrosis of the hip in children appears to be a clinical entity which can produce femoral head subluxation. Aspiration and traction is the treatment of choice and can cure the condition.     

9p21 and 13q14 dosages in ependymomas. A clinicopathologic study of 101 cases.

Ependymomas are glial neoplasms whose clinical behavior is difficult to predict based on histology alone. Recently, a comparative genomic hybridization study identified frequent chromosome 9p and 13q losses in anaplastic ependymomas, suggesting that p16 and RB alterations may be involved in tumor progression. In order to test this hypothesis further, 101 myxopapillary, conventional, and anaplastic ependymomas (51 spinal and 50 intracranial tumors) were tested for RB and p16 deletions using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical follow-up, ranging from 2 to 198 months (median 46 months), was obtained in 90 cases (91%). RB and p16 deletions were seen in 22 of 92 (24%) and 22 of 89 (25%) informative cases, respectively. Polysomies were more frequent in the grade I and II spinal tumors, consistent with prior reports of increased aneuploidy in such cases. No significant genetic associations were seen with tumor grade, recurrence, or death, suggesting that 9p and 13q deletions do not play a prominent role in the malignant progression of ependymomas, as has been implicated in other glioma subtypes.     

Calcium antagonizes the magnesium-induced high affinity state of the hepatic vasopressin receptor for the agonist interaction.

1. The present study describes the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of the hepatic vasopressin V1 receptor. With low concentrations of Ca2+, there was a small increase in [3H]-arginine vasopressin [( 3H]-AVP) binding, but above 10 mM, Ca2+ decreased the binding of this agonist. In contrast, low concentrations of Mg2+ were associated with a dramatic concentration-dependent increase in [3H]-AVP binding, reaching a maximal effect of 650% above control at concentrations ranging between 1-5 mM. At higher concentrations of Mg2+, the stimulatory effect of this cation was less pronounced, falling to 210% of control at 100 mM Mg2+. Strikingly, Ca2(+)-inhibited the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ in a concentration-dependent fashion. 2. Saturation binding data revealed that Ca2+ (2 to 10 mM) per se promotes the high affinity conformation of the V1 receptor for the agonist binding with the KD decreased from a control value of 2.3 nM to 0.5 nM in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. This effect was attenuated with an increase in Ca2+ above 10 mM. With an increase in Ca2+ to 20 mM, however, the Bmax for [3H]-AVP binding was decreased. Ca2+ also decreased the high affinity/high capacity state (KD 100 pM) of the receptor induced by 1 mM Mg2+ for agonist interaction. 3. [3H]-V1 antagonist binding was inhibited by both Ca2+ and Mg2+. The IC50 values (mean +/- s.e. mean) for Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 32 +/- 8 and 53 +/- 9 mM respectively. Maximal inhibition achieved at 100 mM was 29% for Ca2+ and 42% for Mg2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum

Despite the common occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands, intranasal pleomorphic adenoma are rare. We present a ease of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum along with a brief review of literature. The histological nature of this lesion in comparison to other salivary gland tumours and the importance of an accurate diagnosis has been stressed.     

Carcinoid tumour of larynx

Rarity of the carcinoid tumours in the larynx prompted us to report this case which has been successfully treated by partial laryngectomy. Oncogenesis of these tumours, mode of treatment and prognosis have been discussed.