Spondylodiscitis after transoral robotic surgery: Retrospective 7-case series from the GETTEC group

BackgroundCervical spondylodiscitis is a rare but severe complication of pharyngeal surgery.Material and methodsThis multicenter retrospective study reported all patients in the database of the French head and neck tumor study group (GETTEC) affected by cervical spondylodiscitis after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for malignant pharyngeal tumor from January 2010 to January 2017.ObjectivesTo describe cases of post-TORS cervical spondylodiscitis, identify alarm signs, and determine optimal management of these potentially lethal complications.ResultsSeven patients from 6 centers were included. Carcinomas were located in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Tumor stage was T1 or T2. All patients had risk factors for spondylodiscitis. Mean time to diagnosis was 12.6 days. The interval between surgery and spondylodiscitis diagnosis ranged from 20 days to 4.5 months, for a mean 2.1 months. The most common symptom was neck pain (87%). Infections were polymicrobial; micro-organisms were isolated in 5 cases and managed by intravenous antibiotics, associated to medullary decompression surgery in 3 cases. Follow-up found favorable progression in 4 cases, and 3 deaths (mortality, 43%).ConclusionThis French multicenter study found elevated mortality in post-TORS spondylodiscitis, even in case of limited resection. Surgeons must be aware of this complication and alerted by persistent neck pain, fever, asthenia, impaired or delayed posterior pharyngeal wall wound healing or elevation of inflammatory markers. MRI is the most effective diagnostic radiological examination.     

Platelet antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the precise cause of the thrombocytopenia is unknown. Since platelet associated IgG is increased in many patients, it has been suggested that the destruction of platelets might be dependent on specific antibodies. In nine patients with SLE, platelet associated immunoglobulins were found together with free serum antibody which bound to platelets from all normal subjects. Using an immunoblotting technique with membrane proteins from normal platelets incubated with patient sera, target antigens were localized on a band of mol wt 108,000 in two cases (B. and N.) and on a band of mol wt 66,000 in a third (M.). When the same technique was applied to autologous platelets of patient N., autoantibody binding to the protein of mol wt 108,000 was demonstrated. The antigenic determinants were not removed from the platelets by enzyme treatment or by disulphide bond reduction, and were localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the platelets.     

Sex effects in defensive behavior: Baseline differences and drug interactions

Female rats consistently show a pattern of differences in defensive behaviors compared to males which parallel the effects of exposure to a nonpainful threat stimulus (cat or cat odor) in the same tests and measures. These indications of greater defensiveness for females are particularly common in situations involving potential, as opposed to actual and present, threat, a factor which probably also reflects ceiling or floor effects in situations involving very intense defensiveness. In addition, pharmacological studies indicate sex differences in the effects of selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on defensive responding. These findings indicate that sex effects must be considered in studies of the pharmacological control of defensive behaviors, and suggest that responsivity to sex effects may be an additional criterion for the suitability of animal models of anxiety.     

Regional variations in intramyocellular lipid concentration correlate with muscle fiber type distribution in rat tibialis anterior muscle.

1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) has proved to be a valuable noninvasive tool to measure intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in research focused on insulin resistance and type II diabetes in both humans and rodents. An important determinant of IMCL is the muscle fiber type, since oxidative type I fibers can contain up to three times more IMCL than glycolytic type II muscle fibers. Because these different muscle fiber types are inhomogeneously distributed in rodent muscle, in the present study we investigated the distribution of IMCL within the rat tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in vivo using single-voxel 1H MRS along with the muscle fiber distribution in the TA ex vivo determined from immunohistological assays. IMCL levels in the TA differed by up to a factor of 3 depending on the position of the voxel. The distribution of IMCL over the TA cross section was not random, but emerged in a pattern similar to the distribution of the predominantly oxidative muscle fiber types. Dietary interventions, such as high-fat feeding and 15 hr of fasting, did not significantly change this typical fiber type-dependent pattern of IMCL content. These results stress the importance of voxel positioning when single-voxel 1H MRS is used to study IMCL in rodent muscle.     

Downregulation of osteoblast markers and induction of the glial fibrillary acidic protein by oncostatin M in osteosarcoma cells require PKCdelta and STAT3.

The effects of OSM on proliferation and differentiation of osteosarcoma and nontransformed osteoblasts were analyzed. OSM downregulates osteoblast markers but induces the glial fibrillary acidic protein by the combined activation of PKCdelta and STAT3, offering new lines of therapeutic investigations. INTRODUCTION: Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine of the interleukin-6 family implicated in embryonic development, differentiation, inflammation, and regeneration of various tissues, mainly the liver, bone, and the central nervous and hematopoietic systems. One particularity of OSM relies on its growth inhibitory and pro-differentiating effects on a variety of tumor cell lines such as melanoma, providing arguments for a therapeutic application of OSM. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of OSM on osteosarcoma cell lines proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proliferation was analyzed by 3H thymidine incorporation. Differentiation was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry for various markers. Alizarin red S staining was used to evaluate bone nodule formation. Morphological changes were studied by confocal and electron microscopy. Western blotting, kinases inhibitors, and dominant negative STAT3 were used to identified the signaling pathways implicated. RESULTS: OSM inhibits the growth of rat osteosarcoma cell lines as well as normal osteoblasts, in correlation with induction of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21WAF1. However, OSM reduces osteoblast markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein, leading to strong inhibition of mineralized nodule formation. This inhibitory effect is restricted to mature osteoblasts and differentiated osteosarcoma because OSM effectively stimulates osteoblast markers and bone nodule formation in early, but not late, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) cultures. In osteosarcoma cells or BMSC, OSM induces expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as well as morphological and ultrastructural changes, for example, elongated shape and bundles of microfilaments in cell processes. Rottlerin (PKCdelta inhibitor), and to a lesser degree UO126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), prevents the loss of osteoblastic markers by OSM, whereas dominant negative STAT3 prevents GFAP induction. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the particular gene expression profile of OSM-treated osteosarcoma cells and BMSCs, suggesting either a osteocytic or a glial-like phenotype. Together with the implication of PKCdelta, ERK1/2, and STAT3, these results offer new lines of investigations for neural cell transplantation and osteosarcoma therapy.     

Prediction of Remission of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Motor Vehicle Accident Victims

One hundred forty five individuals who sought medical attention as a result of a motor vehicle accident (MVA), and who were initially assessed 1 to 4 months post-MVA, were followed up prospectively for 6 months to determine how many of the 55 with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the 43 with sub-syndromal PTSD would remit and what variables would predict remission. Thirty (55%) of those with initial PTSD had remitted at least in part by 6 months while 67% of those with sub-syndromal PTSD had remitted (and 5% had worsened). Four variables, including severity of initial symptoms, degree of initial physical injury, relative degree of physical recovery by 4 months and whether a close family member suffered a trauma during the follow-up interval, combined to classify 6-month clinical status of 84% of those with initial PTSD secondary to MVAs.     

Diaphragm of the gallbladder: a case report.

Gallbladder anomalies are rare and normally affect its shape, size, and position. We report on a 3-year-old boy with a gallbladder divided transversally by a windsock-type diaphragm, isolating the fundus from the rest of the biliary tree. Bilobed and multiseptated gallbladder have been described before, but this is the first isolated case of a congenital hourglass gallbladder.     

Successful Treatment of Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome with Prednisone and Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid

The Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia and localized coagulopathy associated with a hemangioma. Most techniques applied to eradicate the tumor or accelerate its involution (surgery, radiation therapy, embolization) are invasive and require transfusion of large amounts of blood products. In some cases, medical treatment is the only alternative. Efficacy of steroids and antifibronolytic agents has already been described, but even this approach is associated with the administration of blood products. We report two cases of infants with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with cardiac and hepatic hemangiomas. At admission, both had signs of cardiac failure. They were successfully treated with prednisone and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). Blood products were not required once the diagnosis was made. These observations have important implications for the management of patients with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome because they show that even in severe cases blood transfusions can be avoided by the use of prednisone and EACA.