Clinicopathological patterns of bladder carcinoma over 1 year: experience from University Hospital of Nepal

Purpose

To define the clinical and pathological patterns of urinary bladder carcinoma from the University Hospital of Nepal.

Methods

This is a retrospective analytical study. Patients with bladder mass who underwent surgery over 1 year and who had data record were included in the study. Demographic profile, type of surgery, findings on clinical examination, cystoscopy findings, histopathological report, tumor stage, and post-surgery adjuvant therapy were analyzed.

Results

Out of 86 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, 77 patients had biopsy-proven malignant bladder tumor. Urothelial cancer was present in 96.1%. Male were 78.6%. The mean age of diagnosis was 65.5?±?11.8 years. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) was 3.7 times more common than muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). High-grade tumors (58.6%) were more common than low grade (41.4%). The detrusor muscle was present inthe biopsy specimen of 48 patients (64%). Re-TURBT within 2–6 weeks was considered based on histopathology reports for about half of the patients (45.3%). Upstaging and upgrading of the tumor was present in 5.8 and 5.8% of the patients, respectively. Residual tumor without upstaging and upgrading was present in 23.5%. One patient (1.3%) had Clavien–Dindo grade 1, three (4%) patients had grade 2 and two patients (2.7%) had grade 3b.

Conclusion

In the present study, patients with bladder cancer are younger than reported in other studies. Smokers are strongly predisposed. The histological pattern is similar to the Western and Asian populations. NMIBC and MIBC occur in proportion to that described as in other studies. We had a lower rate of recurrence, upstaging and upgrading. We had a lesser rate of acceptance for radical cystectomy in our patients.

     

Working with capacity limitations: operations management in critical care

As your hospital's ICU director, you are approached by the hospital's administration to help solve ongoing problems with ICU bed availability. The ICU seems to be constantly full, and trauma patients in the emergency department sometimes wait up to 24 hours before receiving a bed. Additionally, the cardiac surgeons were forced to cancel several elective coronary-artery bypass graft cases because there was not a bed available for postoperative recovery. The hospital administrators ask whether you can decrease your ICU length of stay, and wonder whether they should expand the ICU to include more beds For help in understanding and optimizing your ICU's throughput, you seek out the operations management researchers at your university.     

右美托咪定对小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究给予单剂量右美托咪定对小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的影响。方法60例行腹腔镜下疝修补术、ASA为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、年龄为1~3岁的小儿。分为3组:在麻醉诱导后,D1组(n=20)静脉注射0.3 μg/kg右美托咪定;D2组(n=20)静脉注射0.5 μg/kg的右美托咪定;C组(n=20)注射相同容量的生理盐水。静脉注射时间均为10 min。麻醉诱导使用2000~4000 μg/kg异丙酚及150~200 μg/kg顺式阿曲库铵,1~1.5 MAC七氟醚和0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1瑞芬太尼用于麻醉维持。麻醉诱导后所有小儿均静注2000 μg/kg曲马多用于防治术后镇痛。结果〓D2组术后躁动评分低于对照组(P<0.05),D1组与对照组无差别。右美托咪定组的心率低于对照组(P<0.05),其术后追加药物以加强镇静镇痛的需求也较低。三组的术后拔管时间比较无统计学意义。三组均未发生术后恶心、呕吐等不良反应。结论〓给予单剂量0.5 μg/kg的右美托咪定可以有效减少行小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的发生率,且无明显不良反应。     

High risk for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome predicts new onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis

Sleep and Breathing - Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is highly prevalent in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). OSAHS is a risk factor for the development...