大剂量维生素E治疗妊娠合并溶血性尿毒症综合征一例

大剂量维生素Ｅ治疗妊娠合并溶血性尿毒症综合征一例马济民，邢惠莉，潘琢如，郭九吉，谢丽英，侯积寿患者女性，２６岁，入院前８天鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽，发热４０．３℃，伴寒颤。无胸痛，稍气促，呕吐一次为胃内容物。次日于某院就诊：ＷＢＣ：８．４×１０９／Ｌ，中性粒...     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂——甲巯丙脯酸

甲巯丙脯酸(Captopril,CPT)是新近发现的新型抗高血压药物。它作用于肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮(R-A-A)系统,不仅对原发性高血压病,而且对除原发性醛固酮增多症以外的继发性高血压均有降压作用。此外,本药还用于治疗难治性充血性心力衰竭和肾血管性高血压的诊断等方面。现就其作用机理、临床应用和不良反应等温习如下:作用机理 R-A-A系统在调整血循环中的作用已获公认,其对高血压的产生可归纳见图1: 肾素系由肾球旁装置分泌的蛋白水解     

肝硬化腹水与肾脏的关系以及利尿剂的合理应用

肝硬化腹水治疗中,利尿剂的合理应用是以对腹水形成的病理生理和对利尿剂作用机理的充分认识为基础的。本文通过对肝硬化腹水形成与肾脏的关系的复习,提出肝硬化腹水中利尿剂的合理应用。一、腹水形成学说腹水形成主要有两种学说,一是传统途径,认为由于门脉高压,胶体渗透压降低和肝淋巴液漏出增多等综合因素引起腹水。由于循环血浆容量丧失,导致血管收缩,从而向肾小管发出潴盐信号,故尿钠潴留乃由于腹水形成导致血容量缩减,即血管充     

营养治疗在血液透析中应用

16例尿毒症血透患者分成三组。第一组6例常规维持血透,自由进食;第二组5例低蛋白饮食,蛋白量为0.6g·kg~(-1)/a,第三组5例极低蛋白饮食,蛋白量为0.3～0.4g·kg~(-1)/d,供给必需氨基酸或酮酸。二、三组每周血透1次,所有患者均观察6个月。结果示三组患者营养状态相似,氮平衡、总体氮流量、蛋白合成速度均有改善,二和三组患者血磷明显降低,血钙明显升高,其Ccr下降率明显慢于一组,提示血透联合低蛋白饮食或(和)加必需氨基酸可以减少血透次数,能保护残存肾单位功能。     

33例复发性胰腺炎患者胰腺内外分泌功能的观察

急性胰腺炎患者(主要是水肿型)经内科保守治疗后大多能获痊愈;但部分病例,尤其是病因不明或病因未能及时解除者,往往反复发作,最后导致胰腺组织破坏,纤维组织增生,钙化和萎缩,表现为胰腺内外分泌功能不全,严重影响患者的健康。目前对胰腺内外分泌功能的检查尚缺乏实用和简便的方法。本组应用口服葡萄糖-胰岛素释放试验和口服N-苯甲酰-L、-酪氨酰对氨基苯甲酰酸(N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid,BT-PABA)胰腺功能试验(OPFT),分别测定33例复发性胰腺炎患者的内外分泌功能,结果报道如下。     

ALTERATION OF ZINC, COPPER AND MAGNESIUM IN SERUM OF UREMIC PATIENTS AND PERITONEAL DIALYSATE

In 11 uremic patients serum zinc, copper and magnesium were determined prior to and 3—6 months after starting intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). The trace elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of serum zinc and copper were raised significantly from the initial mean values of 9.36±2.498 μmol/L and 15.875±4.223 μmol/L prior to IPD to 12.102±2.514 μmol/L and 22.127 ±3.530 μmol/L respectively after IPD. While in normal controls serum zinc was 13.571±1.665 μmol/L and copper 15.830±4.113 μmol/L. Serum magnesium dropped from 2.127±0. 712 mmol/L to 1.921±0.378 mmol/L、but the change was not significant statistically; the value in normal controls was 1.300±0.128 mmol/L. When IPD had been well established and there was no sign of peritonitis, serum zinc, copper and magnesium were tested before and after the procedure of IPD in a single day at random, and at the same time the concentrations of these elements in the drained dialysate were also determined. The result showed that serum levels of zine, copper and magnesium remained unchanged before and after dialysis in a single day, however, those in the drained dialysate were raised from the initial values of 1.301±0.522 μmol/L, 0.9635±0.335 μmol/L and 1.168±0.411 mmol/L to 8.478±5.324 μmol/L, 5.715±1.868 μmol/L and 1.098±0.494 mmol/L.     

原发性慢性肾炎中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的改变

本文对50例原发性慢性肾炎T淋巴细胞及其亚群进行了初步研究。慢性肾炎的诊断根据1977年北戴河肾炎座谈会提出的“关于原发性肾小球疾病的临床分类初步方案。”属慢性肾炎肾病型27例,男性16例,女性11例,平均年龄29.9±12.1岁。属慢性肾炎普通型23例,男性11例,女性12例,平均年龄36.3±15.3岁。全组50例平均年龄32.8±13.9岁。多系住院病人,在未服皮质激素或用其他     

慢性肾功能衰竭时甲状旁腺激素—1,25（OH）2D3轴的变化

维持体内正常钙平衡和适应异常钙代谢的能力取决于二种激素和三个主要器官,甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、1,25(OH)_2D_3与肾脏、骨或小肠之间的相互关系。1,25(OH)_2D_3增加肠钙吸收,协同PTH增加近曲肾小管钙吸收和动员骨钙进     

PATTERN OF SERUM TRYPTOPHAN IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Data on serum total (Trp) and free (fTrp) and bound (bTrp) tryptophan concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure were analysed. The results revealed marked decrease of serum Trp and bTrp, increase of fTrp concentrations and negative correlation between serum creatinine and bTrp/albumin ratio. The mechanism leading to these alterations is not clear. Increased serum fTrp concentration may play a role in causing uremic syndrome.     

虫草对慢性肾衰大鼠肝脏和肌肉蛋白合成速率的影响

观察人工虫草醇提液治疗４／６肾截除肾衰大鼠肝脏和肌肉蛋白合成速率（ＳＬ％／ｄ，ＳＭ％／ｄ）。方法虫草治疗９０天时，用大剂量３Ｈ苯丙氨酸（３Ｈｐｈｅ）注入，测定组织蛋白标记物的掺入量，以观察大鼠ＳＬ％／ｄ，ＳＭ％／ｄ。结果虫草能有效地降低Ｓｃｒ和ＢＵＮ，减慢Ｃｃｒ下降，提高Ａｌｂ和Ｈｂ，减少尿蛋白量，纠正脂质代谢紊乱。ＳＬ％／ｄ和ＳＭ％／ｄ明显高于ＣＲＦ对照组，但低于正常组。结论虫草醇提液能减少ＣＲＦ大鼠蛋白尿，纠正脂代谢紊乱，改善贫血和提高ＳＬ％／ｄ和ＳＭ％／ｄ。