3,5-甾二烯化合物的合成及抗早孕活性

以18-甲基-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(18-甲基炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙缺基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(妊娠素)和17a-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20二酮(17α-羟基黄体酮)为原料,经NaBH,还原、脱水、双键转位和酯化等反应合成一系列3,5-甾二烯化合物,用¹HNMR和MS证明了它们的结构。动物筛选结果表明,17β-丙酰氧基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-3,5-二烯(IV_b2有明显的抗早孕活性。中断早期妊娠的作用似与其雌激素活性有关。     

Evaluation of encephalic ventricular volume from the magnetic resonance imaging scans of thirty-eight human subjects

Summary Accurate volume determination of the encephalic ventricles is of importance in several clinical conditions, including Alzheimer's presenile dementia, schizophrenia, and benign intracranial hypertension. Previous studies have investigated the accuracy with which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the encephalic ventricles. However, adequate evaluation of pathological conditions depends on a sufficient amount of morphometric data from normal subjects. To begin establishing this data base for normal subjects, we evaluated the MRI scans of 38 subjects found to have no apparent pathology and calculated the ventricular volume in each case by using methods previously developed in our laboratory. The results were then compared with published volumes determined from studies that used either ventricular casts or computerized tomographic scans. The average total ventricular volume for all 38 subjects was 17.4 cm³, while that for males was 16.3 cm³ and that for females was 18.0 cm³. A small but significant correlation was found between age of subject and ventricular volume, with ventricular size increasing with age.

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Evaluation du volume des ventricules cérébraux à partir des images obtenues en résonance magnétique nucléaire chez 38 sujets humains

Résumé La détermination exacte du volume des ventricules cérébraux est importante en clinique comme par exemple dans la démence présénile d'Alzheimer, la schizophrénie et l'hypertension intracrânienne bénigne. Des études antérieures ont étudié la fiabilité de la résonance magnétique nucléaire en pratique clinique pour évaluer le volume des ventricules cérébraux. Toutefois une évaluation correcte dans les conditions pathologiques implique une bonne connaissance des données morphométriques du sujet normal. Pour établir ces données sur « le sujet normal », nous avons étudié les coupes obtenues en IRM chez 38 sujets apparemment indemnes de toute pathologie; nous avons calculé le volume ventriculaire dans chaque cas en utilisant des méthodes mises au point auparavant dans notre laboratoire. Les résultats ont été ensuite comparés avec ceux obtenus par d'autres études utilisant soit des moules ventriculaires, soit des coupes tomographiques computérisées. Le volume ventriculaire total moyen chez 38 sujets est de 17,4 cm³, mais il est chez les sujets masculins de 16,3 cm³ et chez les sujets de sexe féminin de 18 cm³. Une corrélation faible mais significative a été trouvée entre l'âge du sujet et le volume ventriculaire, étant entendu que la taille du ventricule augmente avec l'âge.

     

Neurogenic intrathoracic tumors. A clinicopathological review of 92 cases

Ninety-two cases of intrathoracic neurogenic tumors operated on between 1950 and 1982 are reviewed. The benign forms (86 cases, 93.5%) included 23 ganglioneuromas, 50 neurilemmomas and 13 neurofibromas. Of the latter, 4 occurred in patients with Von Recklinghausen's disease. A double local recurrence was observed after the removal of a neurilemmoma. One of the patients with generalized neurofibromatosis died 5 months after operation from local sarcomatous degeneration and distant metastases. In this group of benign lesions, no other death was observed which could be attributed to the endothoracic neural tumor. The malignant forms (6 cases, 6.5%) included 4 ganglioneuroblastomas and 2 neurofibrosarcomas. The surgical excisions were described as radical in every case and all the patients were given radiotherapy postoperatively. One patient with ganglioneuroblastoma died from metastases 2 years later, and one with neurofibrosarcoma from local recurrences 7 months later. One patient with neurofibrosarcoma and 3 with ganglioneuroblastomas are alive and well 4, 5, 6 and 11 years, respectively, later. Surgical excision remains the best method of diagnosing and treating endothoracic tumors of neural origin. Of special interest are the "dumbbell" or hourglass tumors and lesions which occur in Von Recklinghausen's disease.     

Congenital pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: angiographic and surgical correlates

Of 181 patients with severe congenital pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect or "type IV truncus" (an obsolete term), all but 11% had true central pulmonary arteries. These arteries were demonstrable by large serial biplane angiograms using multiple selective injections into collateral vessels, frequent photographic subtraction, and occasional pulmonary vein-wedge angiograms. These techniques are extremely important for accurate diagnosis and in planning corrective or palliative surgery, which was done in 77% of patients with pulmonary arteries.     

Bacteriophage T4-induced anticodon-loop nuclease detected in a host strain restrictive to RNA ligase mutants.

The fate of host tRNAs during T4 bacteriophage infection was investigated with Escherichia coli CTr5x, the only known host strain that is restrictive to RNA ligase and polynucleotide kinase mutants. Three CTr5x tRNA species were cleaved during infection. One was leucine tRNA1, which was cleaved in the extra arm, as reported elsewhere for E. coli B infected with bacteriophage T2 or T4. The other two were specific to E. coli CTr5x and were not cleaved in various other hosts. One of the cleaved CTr5x-specific tRNAs had an anticodon sequence of the E. coli B "major" isoleucine tRNA but otherwise little sequence homology. Both CTr5x-specific tRNAs were cleaved by a distinct T4-induced endonuclease, other than that of leucine tRNA1, because the CTr5x-specific cleavages (i) were induced later in infection, (ii) persisted with a T4 mutant deficient in leucine tRNA1 endonuclease, and (iii) occurred in the anticodon loop. The specific manifestation of the anticodon-directed endonuclease activity in T4-infected E. coli CTr5x suggests roles for RNA ligase and polynucleotide kinase in processing of host tRNA species.