Involving children and young people in clinical research through the forum of a European Young Persons’ Advisory Group: needs and challenges

Children and young people are seen as fundamental to the design and delivery of clinical research as active and reflective participants. In Europe, involvement of children and young people in clinical research is promoted extensively in order to engage young people in research as partners and to give them a voice to raise their own issues or opinions and for their involvement in planning and decision making in addition to learning research skills. Children and young people can be trained in clinical research through participation in young person advisory groups (YPAGs). Members of YPAGs assist other children and young people to learn about clinical research and share their experience and point of view with researchers, thereby possibly influencing all phases of research including the development and prioritization of research questions, design and methods, recruitment plans, and strategies for results dissemination. In the long term, the expansion of YPAGs in Europe will serve as a driving force for refining pediatric clinical research. It will help in a better definition of research projects according to the patients’ needs. Furthermore, direct engagement of children and young people in research will be favorable to both researchers and young people.     

Botryomycome lingual néonatal (à propos d’une observation)

IntroductionThe botryomycoma is a benign tumor that develops as a response to a local trauma. Generally, it occurs in the fingers, the face and the oral cavity. It is often easily recognized. However, the diagnosis between this tumor and other oral tumors, whether benign or malignant, may be difficult in some cases. We report a particular case of a botryomycoma that occurred with no history of a trauma at an earlier age in the tongue, which is an unusual site for this tumor.Case reportA 7-month-old infant presented with a polypoid and sessile swelling on the dorsal side of the tongue. This tumor gradually increased in size since birth. Clinically, the appearance of this mass with the gathered vessels inside was similar to that of a benign vascular tumor. A possibly malignant nature was not excluded. A complete resection under general anesthesia was performed. The histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma.DiscussionPyogenic granuloma is a rare benign tumor which is most likely to occur between the age of 11 and 40. The most frequent location encountered for oral cavity is the gingiva. The tongue is rarely a site for its occurrence. Cutaneous pyogenic granuloma may have different aspect from mucosal type and thus may make the diagnosis difficult. Treatment consists on surgical excision and removal of etiological factors that may be source of recurrence.     

Post-ablation prolongation of atrioventricular nodal refractory period is correlated with long-term success of cryoablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the case of the persistence of a residual jump

Purpose

A residual slow pathway after successful cryoablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is correlated with a higher recurrence rate. We described determinants of recurrence in subjects with a residual jump.

Methods

We analyzed the data of subjects with acute successful slow pathway cryoablation for AVNRT using a 6-mm-tip cryocatheter. Success was defined as AVNRT non-inducibility. Patients with no baseline elicitable jump, no inducible AVNRT, and transient first atrioventricular (AV) block at the last site were excluded.

Results

From 371 patients who underwent cryoablation from May 2002 to March 2011, 303 fulfilled the entry criteria (mean age, 41?±?16; 222 women). Baseline AV nodal effective refractory period (ERP) was 272?±?57?ms, postprocedural 331?±?64 (P?P?=?0.01). In patients with a jump, only ?? AV nodal ERP was correlated with recurrence (37?±?41 vs. 68?±?47?ms; P?30?ms (P?Conclusions Suppression of slow pathway conduction is the optimal endpoint for AVNRT cryoablation. A residual jump can be tolerated if AV nodal ERP postcryoablation is prolonged >30?ms.     

3‐Keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates Alleviate Serum‐Oxidative Stress in the High‐fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats

Obesity has become a leading global health problem owing to its strong association with a high incidence of oxidative stress. Many epidemiologic studies showed that an antioxidant supplementation decreases the state of oxidative stress. In the present work, a HFD ‐induced rat obesity and oxidative stress were used to investigate the link between fat deposition and serum‐oxidative stress markers. We also studied the effect of a chronic administration of 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates 1 (a & b) (40 μg/kg/8 weeks/i.p.). Exposure of rats to HFD during 16 weeks induced fat deposition, weight gain and metabolic disruption characterized by an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and glycemia levels, and a decrease in ionizable calcium and free iron concentrations. HFD also induced serum‐oxidative stress status vocalized by an increase in ROS ( H ₂ O ₂ ), MDA and PC levels, with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity ( CAT , GP x , SOD ). Importantly, 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates corrected all the deleterious effects of HFD treatment in vivo, but it failed to inhibit lipases in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates 1 could be considered as safe antioxidant agents that should also find other potential biological applications.