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Caruana SR Kelly HA De Silva SL Chea L Nuon S Saykao P Bak N Biggs BA 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2005,29(1):64-68
OBJECTIVE: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses is relatively common throughout South-East Asia and chronic infection can lead to severe consequences. This study assesses knowledge about HBV and HCV and estimates the seroprevalence of markers for these viruses in immigrants from Laos and Cambodia. METHODS: Ninety-five Laotian (aged 18-82 years) and 234 Cambodian (15-92 years) immigrants participated in separate community-based surveys conducted during 1998 and 2002, respectively. Participants completed a questionnaire on health status and level of knowledge about viral hepatitis. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of HBV and HCV markers. RESULTS: Nine per cent of Laotian and 8% of Cambodian participants were infected with HBV. While 49% of Laotian and 64% of Cambodian participants showed evidence of previous exposure to HBV, 30% and 9%, respectively, were vulnerable to infection. The seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV was 3% in the Laotian and 8% in the Cambodian participants. Between one-fifth and one-third of the Laotians and Cambodians who had heard of HBV and HCV knew of possible transmission routes for the viruses. Most of those with HBV or HCV infection were unaware they were infected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a significant prevalence of undetected HBV and HCV infections and an urgent need for the provision of culturally relevant information about viral hepatitis in immigrants of South-East Asian origin. 相似文献
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Eric Lippert Gabriel Etienne Marie-Joelle Mozziconacci Sophy Laibe Carine Gervais Stéphane Girault Nathalie Gachard Isabelle Tigaud Nicole Dastugue Fran?ois Huguet Marie-Pierre Fort Laurence Legros Virginie Eclache Francois-Xavier Mahon 《Haematologica》2010,95(9):1604-1607
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), cytogenetic abnormalities found in addition to the t(9;22) translocation may impact the response to therapy. Loss of the Y chromosome is generally overlooked in this context, owing to its relatively frequent occurrence in healthy elderly patients. In this multicenter retrospective study, the outcome after imatinib treatment of 30 CML patients with karyotype showing Y chromosome loss (Y−) was compared to 30 Y+ control males diagnosed and treated at the same time in the same institutions. Y− patients had significantly delayed cytogenetic and molecular responses, lower event-free survival and shorter overall survival than Y+ patients. The negative impact of this abnormality was particularly marked when it occurred in a sub-clone (clonal evolution) rather than in all mitoses. These data indicate that loss of the Y chromosome should be taken into account in the prognostic evaluation of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. 相似文献
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Benoit Witkowski Nimol Khim Pheaktra Chim Saorin Kim Sopheakvatey Ke Nimol Kloeung Sophy Chy Socheat Duong Rithea Leang Pascal Ringwald Arjen M. Dondorp Rupam Tripura Fran?oise Benoit-Vical Antoine Berry Olivier Gorgette Frédéric Ariey Jean-Christophe Barale Odile Mercereau-Puijalon Didier Menard 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2013,57(2):914-923
The declining efficacy of artemisinin derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum in western Cambodia is a major concern. The knowledge gap in the understanding of the mechanisms involved hampers designing monitoring tools. Here, we culture-adapted 20 isolates from Pailin and Ratanakiri (areas of artemisinin resistance and susceptibility in western and eastern Cambodia, respectively) and studied their in vitro response to dihydroartemisinin. No significant difference between the two sets of isolates was observed in the classical isotopic test. However, a 6-h pulse exposure to 700 nM dihydroartemisinin (ring-stage survival assay -RSA]) revealed a clear-cut geographic dichotomy. The survival rate of exposed ring-stage parasites (ring stages) was 17-fold higher in isolates from Pailin (median, 13.5%) than in those from Ratanakiri (median, 0.8%), while exposed mature stages were equally and highly susceptible (0.6% and 0.7%, respectively). Ring stages survived drug exposure by cell cycle arrest and resumed growth upon drug withdrawal. The reduced susceptibility to artemisinin in Pailin appears to be associated with an altered in vitro phenotype of ring stages from Pailin in the RSA. 相似文献
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The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in contact lens-induced microbial keratitis has been linked to various extracellular and cell-associated bacterial products, such as proteases and toxins. Recently, a group of bacterial signal molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of the production of several bacterial virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to determine the signal molecules produced by P. aeruginosa keratitis strains, and to elucidate any possible correlation between the production of signal molecules and the expression of phenotypic characteristics, including protease production, bacterial invasion and acute cytotoxic activity. The presence and profiles of AHLs in ocular P. aeruginosa isolates were analysed by a combination of thin-layer chromatography and bioassay. All 17 keratitis isolates produced AHLs. There were differences both in the amounts and the types of AHL production in the various phenotypes of isolates. High levels of AHLs were found among the isolates with high protease activity and invasiveness. Acutely cytotoxic isolates displayed low AHL and protease activities. Invasive strains were more common than cytotoxic strains from keratitis patients. These results suggest that quorum-sensing systems of P. aeruginosa display a complexity even within the same species, and the production of certain AHL signal molecules may be associated with certain phenotypes in P. aeruginosa. 相似文献