16层螺旋CT脑血管造影的临床应用

目的探讨16层螺旋CT脑血管造影（CTA）的临床应用价值。方法利用16层螺旋CT对159例临床怀疑脑血管疾病的患者做脑血管增强扫描，采用VR、MIP和MPR后处理技术重建脑血管图像。结果本组159例，其中正常74例，血管变异44例，动脉瘤11例，大脑中动脉栓塞2例，脑动脉狭窄29例，脑动静脉畸形1例，Moyamoya病1例。结论CTA能多方位清晰显示脑血管病变，为病变与邻近血管的关系提供更精确具体的解剖图像，可发展作为脑血管疾病的一种筛选手段，部分代替数字减影血管造影术（DSA）。     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

不同读片方式下数字医学影像显示一致性研究

目的通过对临床大量硬读片和软读片诊断结果的分析，说明PACS系统在读片上的优越性以及不同读片方式之间的统计一致性，为诊断效果分析及放射科数字影像诊断的质量控制提供合乎统计规律的科学依据。方法基于我院拥有的大量X线胶片数据，在保证取样随机性的前提下，选择合适的胶片取样数目（6000例）；在保证医生判读一致性的条件下，获取医生在不同读片方式下的诊断结果（阳性，阴性，可疑阳性）；利用Kappa方法对医生判读结果进行统计分析。结果软读片方式杜绝了可疑阳性诊断结果的出现；软读片、专业灰度显示器及图像处理技术都可以提高诊断结果的阳性率；从Kappa值分析的角度，胶片与普显、胶片与专显、图像处理前后的普显、图像处理前后的专显之间有着几乎一致的诊断结果。结论软读片除了有易于保存与处理等优点外，我院现在采用的专业灰度显示器及对诊断影像进行图像处理有助于阳性率的提升。Kappa值的分析结果说明了我院现有诊断方式的可行性。     

头颅CT灌注成像指导下脑梗死溶栓观察

目的观察头颅CT灌注成像（CTP）指导下静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的时机选择。方法采用开放性非随机的研究方法。18例发病3～6h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者,行CTP检查,有影像学改变且有缺血半暗带者进行溶栓治疗。评定病灶中心、病灶周边、周围正常脑组织相对脑血流量（rCBF）、相对脑血容量（rCBV）及平均通过时间（MTT）。比较溶栓前、溶栓后2h、24h、7d、90d NIHSS的变化;溶栓后7h、90h Bather指数（BI）、mRS的变化。结果CTP检查,18例病人均出现灌注异常,病灶中心区域与周边区比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。溶栓后2h、24h、7d NIHSS评分与溶栓前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,溶栓后90d NIHSS评分与溶栓前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。溶栓后7d BI、mRS与溶栓前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,溶栓后90d BI、mRS与溶柃前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CTP可以帮助选择病人,在有影像学支持的前提下,适当扩大溶栓时间窗,在发病6h内予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）溶栓治疗安全有效。     

MRI在膝关节退行性骨关节病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨MRI在膝关节退行性骨关节病诊断中的应用价值。方法:选择本院收治的60例膝关节退行性骨关节病患者入院进行MRI与X线诊断的结果,对临床诊断资料进行对比分析,探讨MRI与X线片诊断的准确性。结果:采用MRI与X线片对患者骨质增生、关节腔隙狭窄、软骨下赘骨形成等有清晰的显示,两者对比无统计学意义,P0.05,而采用MRI则更能显示患者半月板变性撕裂、滑膜增厚、关节积液以及软组织肿胀等情况,但这些功能X线片则不具备,P0.05。结论:采用MRI与X线片进行临床诊断的比较,MRI针对膝关节骨关节病患者有很多的诊断发现,准确性更好,具备更好的临床应用价值。     

非肿块性肉芽肿性乳腺炎的MRI表现及其与非肿块样强化乳腺导管原位癌的鉴别

目的 探讨非肿块性肉芽肿性乳腺炎（GM）的MRI表现,并与非肿块样强化乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）鉴别,以提高二者的诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析24例非肿块性GM的MRI表现,并与22例非肿块样强化DCIS的MRI表现进行比较。结果 非肿块性GM与非肿块样强化DCIS均可表现为边界不清,呈节段性强化,与DCIS患者比较,GM患者病灶形态多为不均匀强化伴多发环形强化、毛刺征少,乳头内陷比例、ADC值明显升高（P<0.05）;GM患者时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型多见,DCIS以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型多见,分别占87.5%、81.8%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 非肿块性GM与非肿块样强化DCIS在影像学表现方面存在一定相似之处,而多发环形强化、毛刺征、乳头内陷等形态学特征,有助于非肿块性GM与非肿块样强化DCIS的鉴别诊断。     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

目的 探讨CT灌注成像(CT perfusion,CTP)在超早期脑梗死诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 33例发病＜5 h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者行CT平扫后,再行CTP,24 h后复查CT.结果 33例患者基线CT平扫均未见异常.CTP显示15例正常,18例异常.CTP正常者病灶侧局部脑血流量(regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)、局部脑血容量(regional cerebral blood volume,rCBV)和局部平均通过时间(regional mean transit time,rMTT)分别为(32.588±5.877)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.205±0.261)ml/100 g和(2.937±0.887)s,与健侧的(33.208±6.740)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.233±0.290)ml/100 g和(2.854±0.799)s无显著差异(P均＞0.05);经临床追踪和复查CT证实,11例确诊为短暂性脑缺血发作、2例为低血糖、2例为脑干梗死.18例CTP异常患者病侧rCBF、rCBV和rMTT分别为(6.580±3.457)ml/(100 g·min)、(0.803±0.285)ml/100 g和(14.947±4.665)s,与健侧的(34.756±4.126)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.622±0.708)ml/100 g和(3.794±1.775)s差异显著(P均＜0.05);临床追踪和复查CT证实为基底节区脑梗死.结论 CTP可用于超早期脑梗死诊断,且具有鉴别诊断的意义.