高钾摄入对家兔血管内皮损伤后的抗增生作用

目的：观察高钾摄入对血管内皮损伤后的抗增生功能，探讨其对再狭窄的预防作用。方法：高脂饲养家兔分为钾剂治疗组（3％KCl100ml/d）和对照组，经髂动脉球囊扩张术建立血管内皮损伤模型，另设正常饮食和非髂动脉球囊扩张术的空白对照组，观察术后脂质过氧状况、血小板聚集功能、血管条3H-TdR掺入量和血管病理形态学改变。结果：（1）对照组MDA和PRMA均较空白组和治疗组显著升高（术后7天P＜0．05，术后30天P＜0.01），而空白组与治疗组之间无明显差异（P＞0．05）；对照组和治疗组SOD在术后30天均较空白组下降（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组3H－TdR掺入量较空白组明显升高（术后7天P＜0．01，术后30天P＜0．05），治疗组3H．TdR掺入量则较对照组明显下降（术后7天P＜0．01，术后30天P＜0．05）。（3）对照组管腔面积较治疗组明显减小（术后30天P＜0．01），而新生内膜面积、新生内膜面积／中膜面积治疗组显著低于对照组（术后7天P＜0.05），术后30天（P＜0．01）。结论：钾具有抗内膜增殖、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集等作用，可有效地抑制血管内皮损伤后再狭窄的发生。     

2014年欧洲心脏病学会主动脉疾病诊治指南解读

伴随社会人口老龄化的进展,主动脉疾病的患病率逐年上升,而随着影像学诊断方法的进步与普及以及腔内治疗的发展,主动脉疾病的诊治水平也得到迅速发展.继2001年欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）首次公布主动脉夹层指南、2010年美国心脏病学会基金会/美国心脏协会（ACCF/AHA）实践指南课题组等组织联合发布《2010胸主动脉疾病的诊断和治疗指南》后,欧洲心脏病学会于2014年会议期间再次更新并公布了《主动脉疾病诊断和治疗指南》.本指南专家组全面回顾了已往的研究成果,并结合最新研究数据对旧指南进行了修正、升级,极大地拓展了主动脉疾病诊断和治疗指南的范围,推动主动脉疾病诊治的进一步发展.     

Impact of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy on patients after drug-eluting stents implantation

Background Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 12 months on patients implanted with DES remains unsolved.Methods From January 2010 to June 2011,1873 patients who have been taking DAPT and free from death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeat coronary revascularization,stent thrombosis,and major or minor bleeding according to TIMI criteria for 12 months after implantation of DES were randomly assigned to continuous (prolonged DAPT group) or discontinuous (standard DAPT group) clopidogrel (75 mg/day).The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which compose of death,nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI),nonfatal stroke,target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) at 180 days.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of 180-day MACEs between prolonged DAPT group and standard DAPT group (8.98 % versus 10.13 %,respectively,P=0.400).The frequency of major bleeding was 0.64 % in prolonged DAPT arm and 0.43% in standard DAPT arm (P=0.523),that of minor bleeding was 3.32 % versus 2.87 % (P=0.585),respectively.Conclusions Prolonged DAPT beyond 12 months neither improve prognosis nor increase risk of bleeding in patients implanted with DES.     

Comparison of benefit and safety between different loading dose of clopidogrel on elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous cronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Despite the proven benefit of 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary percutaneous cronary intervention (PCI), there is still concern about its benefit and safety on elderly population. Methods Data of 172 consecutive elderly patients (≥75 years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI at Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into 600-mg loading clopidogrel group and 300-mg clopidogrel group accoring to the loading dose of clopidogrel before primary percunaeous coronary intervention(PCI). Enzymatic myocardial infarction size estimated by peak creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA) were compared. Thirty-day major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which consist of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) were compared to assess the efficacy of different loading dose. Bleeding information was compared as well to assess the safety of different pretreatment stragety before primary PCI. Results 96 patients were adminstered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel before primary PCI while 76 were administered with 300-mg. Patency of the IRA was significantly higher in patients administered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel therapy as compared with those who received 300-mg loading clopidogrel (94.8% vs. 85.5%, P = 0.038). 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel was associated with lower incidence of 30-day MACEs compared with 300-mg loading dose of clopidogrel (8.3% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.029) while did not increase the risk of TIMI major (3.1% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.770) and minor bleeding (10.4% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.376). Conclusion 600-mg loading clopidogrel improves final patency of the IRA and clinical outcome as compared with 300-mg loading clopidogrel without increasing bleeding hazard.     

冠脉斑块稳定性与肿瘤坏死因子相关研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis fac-tor-alpha,TNF-α)与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的相关性。方法 以血管内超声(Intravascular Ultrasound,IVUS)检出冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的软硬特性,通过临床是否为急性冠脉综合征患者,将具有软斑块特性,同时急性冠脉综合征者分为不稳定斑块组;而硬斑块特性,且不符合急性冠脉综合征者为稳定斑块组。测定两组间冠状窦及外周血血浆TNF-α浓度,结果与IVUS测定的斑块大小、斑块纤维帽厚度、脂核或无回声带大小、脂核或无回声带/斑块比及面积狭窄率进行相关性分析。结果 不稳定斑块组TNF-α值明显高于稳定斑块组[(o.11o±O.045)ng/mL vs(0.097±0.137)ng/mL,P<0.01和(0.111±0.037)ng/mL vs(0.042±0.022)ng/mL,P<0.05;将测得TNF-α与IVUS所测得纤维帽厚度、脂核或无回声带大小、斑块大小、脂核/斑块、面积狭窄率等进行相关分析,未见明显相关。结论TNF-α与斑块的稳定性有关,同时其在冠状循环与体循环中的量无差异,可望作为冠脉斑块不稳定性的判定指标。     

高敏C反应蛋白与不稳定心绞痛行介入术预后的关系

目的　探讨低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)正常的不稳定心绞痛患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP) 浓度对经皮穿刺冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后预后的影响。方法　不稳定心绞痛患者在PCI术前测定血清hs-CRP浓度，术后随访9个月，期间观察主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的发生率。结果　hs-CRP浓度正常组主要不良心血管事件发生率显著低于hs-CRP浓度增高组(P < 0.05)。结论 hs-CRP浓度水平与PCI术后主要不良心血管事件的发生有相关性，可作为PCI术后主要不良心血管事件的预测指标。     

肾动脉狭窄支架置入术疗效随访观察

目的 评价肾动脉狭窄病人支架置入术的中长期疗效.方法 选取广东省心血管病研究所2000年3月～2003年12月行肾动脉支架置入术208例,分别在术前、术后住院期间、术后随访至少6个月的病人血压、服用抗高血压药和检测血清肌酐水平,记录手术并发症及随访病人的临床不良事件.结果 208例共254条肾动脉成功放置了支架,主要临床不良事件发生率约为1.9%.随访期血清肌酐从术前(189±6) μmol/L,下降至(146±5) μmol/L(P=0.007),血压从术前(163±12)/(101±9)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)下降至(136±11)/(76±7) mm Hg(P=0.02).结论 肾动脉支架置入术是一种安全、有效治疗肾动脉狭窄的方法.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术在二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄中应用的研究进展

二叶式主动脉瓣（bicuspid aortic valve,BAV）的解剖结构不对称，钙化严重，常合并主动脉扩张。相比于三叶式主动脉瓣患者，BAV相关主动脉瓣狭窄（aortic valve stenosis,AS）患者在经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR）治疗中，往往会面临更大的手术风险，包括瓣周漏、主动脉瓣环破裂、冠状动脉口堵塞、房室传导阻滞等。然而随着新一代人工瓣膜的出现以及手术策略的优化，目前多项研究均表明TAVR治疗BAV相关AS是安全有效的。本文将对TAVR在BAV相关AS患者中的应用进行综述。