恶性疟原虫的甲氟喹抗性

作者综述了影响恶性疟原虫对甲氟喹产生抗性的因素、机制与地理学分布。     

瑞香素杀疟原虫裂殖体的作用

[目的 ]研究中药瑞香素在体外和体内的杀裂殖体作用。 [方法 ]在恶性疟原虫FCCl株常规体外培养中测试瑞香素杀裂殖体活性 ,并按“四天抑制性试验”在感染伯氏疟原虫ANKA株的小鼠中测定不同剂量瑞香素的体内抗疟活性。 [结果 ]体外试验中瑞香素在 1～ 10 μmol L剂量范围内有明显杀灭裂殖体作用 ,而体内试验中按D4减虫率与感染鼠在 30d内的平均生存天数评价 ,5 0或 10 0mg kg .d- 1 × 4d瑞香素灌胃以及 10 ,5 0或 10 0mg kg.d- 1 × 4d瑞香素腹腔注射给药在伯氏鼠疟原虫ANKA株感染鼠中的抗疟作用与 10mg kg .d- 1 × 4d氯喹 (CQ)灌胃的疗效相似。 [结论 ]瑞香素在体外和体内均有一定的杀裂殖体作用。     

实时荧光定量PCR测定瑞香素类抗疟化合物对恶性疟原虫核糖核酸还原酶基因表达的影响

目的测定瑞香素类抗疟化合物对恶性疟原虫核糖核酸还原酶（RNR）基因表达的影响。方法体外同步培养的恶性疟原虫经瑞香素及其衍生物DA78与DA79作用后,抽提总RNA,并合成相应的特异性引物,运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）测定瑞香素类抗疟化合物对恶性疟原虫RNR基因表达的影响。结果恶性疟原虫体外经瑞香素及其衍生物作用后的RNR基因扩增标准曲线在10^5～10^9拷贝（copies）/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,R^2为0.997 52;瑞香素及其衍生物DA78与DA79对恶性疟原虫RNR作用后,其原始拷贝数分别为81 173.23、124 830.83和74 801.35,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而瑞香素的铁螯合能力被饱和后,对该基因的表达未产生显著抑制（P〉0.01）。结论瑞香素类抗疟化合物体外抑制恶性疟原虫RNR的基因表达,RNR可能作为瑞香素类抗疟化合物抗疟作用的候选靶分子之一。     

恶性疟原虫的甲氟喹抗性

作者综述了影响恶性疟原虫对甲氟喹产生抗性的因素、机制与地理学分布。     

日本血吸虫超氧化物歧化酶保护性免疫力的研究

超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）是一种重要的氧自由基清除剂，广泛存在于生物体，由于它能专一地清除超氧阴离子，酶的特性与功能受到了重视。曼氏血吸虫的ＳＯＤ活力与抗原性已经受到关注［１］，而日本血吸虫的ＳＯＤ是否具有抗原性与诱导机体产生保护性免疫力，国内外文献未...     

伯氏疟原虫氯喹抗性逆转的实验观察

Objective To search for reverser of chloroquine-resistance in Plasmodium berghei (P.berghei) ANKA. Methods Seventy-two healthy Kunming mice were each infected with chloroquine sensitive (CS) or chloroquine resistance (CR) P. berghei ANKA respectively, then treated with various schedule of reversal agents C-2832 、D-6182 or ketotifen(Ket) respectively with or without co-administration of low dose (5%ED90) of chloroquine (CQ). Schedule 1: mice infected with CS were randomly distributed into 4 groups, 6 mice in each group, 30 min after infection,then treated i.g. with D-6182, C-2832, Ket or 0. 1% gum tragacanth(control) respectively for 5 consecutive days. The parasitemia of each experiment group was then determined by routine microscopic examination on blood smears from the tail blood of each mouse from D1 to D7.Schedule 2:mice infected with CR were randomly distriduted into 8 groups, 6 mice in each group, 3 d after infection, then treated i.g. with D-6182, C-2832, Ket, chloroquine or 0. 1% gum tragacanth (control) with or without co-administration of 12 mg/(kg · d) chloroquine (5% ED90) 2 h after the first administration for 5 consecutive days. The parasitemia of each experiment group was then determined microscopically by examination on blood smears from the tail blood of each mouse from D4 to D7. The reduction rates of each group were calculated and compared between the groups with or without treatment of reverser. Results 1. The parasitemia of mice infected with CS was going up daily from D1 to D4 and reached the peak on D4 in all groups administered with 80 mg/(kg · d) D-6182, 120 mg/(kg · d) C-2832 or 10 mg/(kg · d) Ket for5 d. From D5 the parasitemia kept going up in control group while it kept at the level of D4 in all treated groups. 2. Chloroquine 12 mg/(kg · d) administered i.g. 2 h after administration of C-2832 or D-6182 or Ket for 5 d(D3-D7) could reach 97.77%, 99.28% or 96.73% of reduction rate of parasitemia on D4 and 99.81%, 98.87% or 100.00% on D7 respectively in CR P. berghei infected mice. Conclusion Two compounds of C-2832 and D-6182 exhibited the reversal activity on CQ resistance in CR P. berghei infected mice at the same range of that of well-recognized reverser Ket.     

瑞香素抗红外期疟原虫作用的研究

目的　研究瑞香素 (DPNT)抗红外期疟原虫的作用。方法　于ICR小鼠腹腔注射约氏疟原虫子孢子后 0 5h灌胃给药 ,连续 4d。不同剂量的DPNT及DPNT伍用伯氨喹 (PQ)的抗疟作用 ,分别以d7ICR小鼠阴性率及d1 1 或d1 2 ICR小鼠每千个红细胞被原虫感染数作评价 ,并观察DPNT对ICR小鼠血红蛋白浓度的影响。结果　DPNT的剂量范围为每天 10～ 10 0mg/kg ,连服 4d ,d7原虫阴性小鼠数及d1 1 红细胞被感染程度与对照组相比其差异均无显著性 ;DPNT每天 5 0mg/kg和每天PQ5mg/kg配伍组的d7小鼠阴性率与PQ每天 10mg/kg组相当。ICR小鼠DPNT每天 5 0mg/kg组与对照组血红蛋白浓度在d8天有差异。结论　DPNT单独用药 ,无明显抗红外期疟原虫作用 ,但DPNT每天 5 0mg/kg与PQ每天 5mg/kg伍用的抗疟效果与PQ每天 10mg/kg相当。DPNT在短期内可致小鼠贫血。     

日本血吸虫胆硷酯酶的研究

鉴于乙酰胆硷是日本血吸虫的抑制性神经递质,而在动物体内则主要是兴奋性神经递质,因此研究虫体的胆硷酯酶对了解虫的神经肌肉活动特点及抗血吸     

吡噻硫酮导致曼氏血吸虫胞液内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活力的降低

作者用吡噻硫酮(OPZ)治疗曼氏血吸虫感染鼠,并观察了谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活力以及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GPO)活力。每鼠腹部接种200～300条尾蚴。OPZ按200mg/kg灌服小鼠。收集雄虫((?)),经匀浆和高速离心后制备曼氏血吸虫胞液。GST活性测定参照Habig等人(1974)方法,GPO活性测定参照Paglia & Valentine(1967)方法进行。     

微量荧光法体外测定恶性疟原虫对4种常用抗疟药的敏感性

目的 验证微量荧光法(MFA)用于恶性疟原虫体外药物敏感性和抗疟药物筛选的适用性。方法 运用MFA测定氯喹、青蒿素、蒿甲醚和咯萘啶等4种常用抗疟药物对体外培养FCC1/HN株恶性疟原虫的敏感性,并对该方法所测得的量效曲线(dose-response curves)及50%有效抑制浓度(IC₅₀)与光学显微镜镜检法所得的结果进行比较。结果 MFA所测定的氯喹、青蒿素、蒿甲醚和咯萘啶的IC50分别为18.79、6.32、3.67和2.00 nmol/L,光学显微镜镜检法的结果分别为19.65、5.82、4.38和2.83nmol/L,两者差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 用MFA体外测定恶性疟原虫对抗疟药的敏感性敏感、快速,可用于体外抗疟药物的敏感性测定及抗疟药物筛选。