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1.
T M Makela S J Harders P Cavanagh G Rouch R Ayre 《The Medical journal of Australia》1981,1(6):293-294
Five non-fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred during 1979 and 1980 among patients living in Ballarat. The distribution of the dates of onset was sporadic, and no patient could be considered to have been at risk from faulty air-conditioning equipment; however, two of these patients, both female, had been resident, on separate occasions, in the reception ward of a long-stay institution during the incubation period of their illnesses. A fourfold rise in antibodies to the Philadelphia strain of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) was demonstrated in all five of these patients, and subsequent examination of water in the shower block of the reception ward yielded a strain of the same serotype of L. pneumophila. 相似文献
2.
Finding and using research results to support your professional decisions must be a systematic process, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and healthcare. This article takes you through a critical appraisal exercise using a recent article from the British Medical Journal as an example. It describes how you decide whether to read and use an article that may be relevant to your decision. The reading is guided by a series of questions. First you evaluate the validity of the article: is the study conducted and reported so that you may trust the results? The second set of questions discusses the outcomes, the effect of the intervention and describes the use of confidence intervals for this. The possibility of using the research results in the reader's setting and patient population is then evaluated. 相似文献
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The authors review the literature pertaining to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced apathy syndrome. A literature search of Medline and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1970 to the present was performed for relevant articles. Twelve relevant case reports and one open-label treatment trial were identified. An amotivational, or apathy, syndrome has been reported in a number of patients receiving SSRI treatment over the last decade. This adverse effect has been noted to be dose-dependent and reversible, but is often unrecognized. This phenomenon has caused significant negative consequences for adults as well as social and academic difficulties in adolescents. 相似文献
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Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivirin the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A S Monto D M Fleming D Henry R de Groot M Makela T Klein M Elliott O N Keene C Y Man 《The Journal of infectious diseases》1999,180(2):254-261
The efficacy and safety of zanamivir, administered 2x or 4x daily over 5 days, was evaluated in the treatment of influenza infections. A total of 1256 patients entered the study; 57% of those randomized had laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. The primary end point, "alleviation of major symptoms," was created to evaluate differences in clinical impact. In the overall population with or without influenza infection, zanamivir reduced the median number of days to reach this end point by 1 day (P=.012 2x daily vs. placebo; P=.014 4x daily vs. placebo). The reduction was greater in patients treated within 30 h of symptom onset, febrile at study entry, and in defined high-risk groups. Zanamivir reduced nights of disturbed sleep, time to resumption of normal activities, and use of symptom relief medications. It was well tolerated. These results suggest that zanamivir can significantly reduce the duration and overall symptomatic effect of influenza. 相似文献
7.
Mohsen Naghavi Susanna Makela Kyle Foreman Janaki O'Brien Farshad Pourmalek Rafael Lozano 《Population health metrics》2010,8(1):9
Background
Coverage and quality of cause-of-death (CoD) data varies across countries and time. Valid, reliable, and comparable assessments of trends in causes of death from even the best systems are limited by three problems: a) changes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) over time; b) the use of tabulation lists where substantial detail on causes of death is lost; and c) many deaths assigned to causes that cannot or should not be considered underlying causes of death, often called garbage codes (GCs). The Global Burden of Disease Study and the World Health Organization have developed various methods to enhance comparability of CoD data. In this study, we attempt to build on these approaches to enhance the utility of national cause-of-death data for public health analysis. 相似文献8.
G. B. Pajno M. Fernandez‐Rivas S. Arasi G. Roberts C. A. Akdis M. Alvaro‐Lozano K. Beyer C. Bindslev‐Jensen W. Burks M. Ebisawa P. Eigenmann E. Knol K. C. Nadeau L. K. Poulsen R. van Ree A. F. Santos G. du Toit S. Dhami U. Nurmatov Y. Boloh M. Makela L. O'Mahony N. Papadopoulos C. Sackesen I. Agache E. Angier S. Halken M. Jutel S. Lau O. Pfaar D. Ryan G. Sturm E.‐M. Varga R. G. van Wijk A. Sheikh A. Muraro EAACI Allergen Immunotherapy Guidelines Group 《Allergy》2018,73(4):799-815
Food allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impairment of quality of life, and healthcare expenditure. There is therefore interest in novel strategies for its treatment, particularly food allergen immunotherapy (FA‐AIT) through the oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT), or epicutaneous (EPIT) routes. This Guideline, prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force on Allergen Immunotherapy for IgE‐mediated Food Allergy, aims to provide evidence‐based recommendations for active treatment of IgE‐mediated food allergy with FA‐AIT. Immunotherapy relies on the delivery of gradually increasing doses of specific allergen to increase the threshold of reaction while on therapy (also known as desensitization) and ultimately to achieve post‐discontinuation effectiveness (also known as tolerance or sustained unresponsiveness). Oral FA‐AIT has most frequently been assessed: here, the allergen is either immediately swallowed (OIT) or held under the tongue for a period of time (SLIT). Overall, trials have found substantial benefit for patients undergoing either OIT or SLIT with respect to efficacy during treatment, particularly for cow's milk, hen's egg, and peanut allergies. A benefit post‐discontinuation is also suggested, but not confirmed. Adverse events during FA‐AIT have been frequently reported, but few subjects discontinue FA‐AIT as a result of these. Taking into account the current evidence, FA‐AIT should only be performed in research centers or in clinical centers with an extensive experience in FA‐AIT. Patients and their families should be provided with information about the use of FA‐AIT for IgE‐mediated food allergy to allow them to make an informed decision about the therapy. 相似文献
9.
David A. Tanen Mai Shimada D. Chris Danish Frank Dos Santos Martin Makela Robert H. Riffenburgh 《The Journal of emergency medicine》2014
Background
Acute radicular back pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the Emergency Department.Study Objective
Determine the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine when compared to ketorolac for the treatment of acute radicular low back pain.Methods
Randomized double-blind study of 41 patients aged 18–55 years presenting with acute radicular low back pain. Patients were randomized to receive either 100 mg lidocaine or 30 mg ketorolac intravenously over 2 min. A 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain at Time 0 (baseline), and 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Changes in [median] VAS scores were compared over time (within groups) by the signed-rank test and between groups by the rank-sum test. A 5-point Pain Relief Scale (PRS) was administered at the conclusion of the study (60 min) and again at 1 week by telephone follow-up; [median] scores were compared between groups by rank-sum.Results
Forty-four patients were recruited; 41 completed the study (21 lidocaine, 20 ketorolac). Initial VAS scores were not significantly different between the lidocaine and ketorolac groups (83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 74–98 vs. 79; 95% CI 64–94; p = 0.278). Median VAS scores from baseline to 60 min significantly declined in both groups (lidocaine [8; 95% CI 0–23; p = 0.003]; ketorolac [14; 95% CI 0–28; p = 0.007]), with no significant difference in the degree of reduction between groups (p = 0.835). Rescue medication was required by 67% receiving lidocaine, compared to 50% receiving ketorolac. No significant change in PRS between groups was found at the conclusion or at the follow-up.Conclusion
Intravenous lidocaine failed to clinically alleviate the pain associated with acute radicular low back pain. 相似文献10.
Twelve patients who had recovered from pneumococcal infections and 12 household controls were given a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Adequate amounts of antibody were detected by radioimmunoassay before immunisation in controls and patients. More controls responded to nine pneumococcal polysaccharides than did patients. A transient state of unresponsiveness to vaccine may exist in some patients for a period of 4-6 weeks after infection. The high concentrations of antibody before immunisation in adult controls suggest adequate herd immunity to the endemic serotypes in the adult population. 相似文献