Chemical composition of a new variety of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis cv. Inti) with low-alkaloid content

The chemical composition of the seeds of the low-alkaloid variety “Inti” of the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) grown in the south of Chile was examined. The contents of (% of dry weight) total alkaloids, protein, lipids, and oligosaccharides were found to be 0.0075, 51.0, 16.0, and 14.7%, respectively. The low levels of the sulfur amino acids (2.38% of total protein) made them the first amino acids to limit the protein quality of these lupin seeds. The fatty acid pattern was C16:0,13.9%; C18:0, 3.0%; C18:1, 41.8%; C18:2, 38.9%; and C18:3,2.6% of total fatty acids. The α-galactoside amounted to 13.5% of dry weight (raffinose, 2.49%; stachyose, 10.1%, verbascose, 0.85%). It can be stated that “Inti” is highly interesting as a potential protein energy crop for a temperate climate.     

Emergence and persistence of multiple antiviral-resistant CMV strains in a highly immunocompromised child.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) antiviral resistance plays a significant role in disease progression in immunocompromised patients who have received antiviral therapy. OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of antiviral-resistant CMV strains in a highly immunocompromised child. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective specimens of blood and urine were analysed using PCR-sequencing to identify antiviral-resistant CMV strains containing UL97 or UL54 mutations. RESULTS: CMV strains resistant to antiviral agents contributed to disease in a bone marrow transplant recipient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) treated with ganciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (FOS). Retrospective analyses detected GCV-resistant CMV (L595S) in a specimen taken after disease progression. This GCV-resistant CMV strain persisted for 1 year, after which time it was no longer detected even though the patient continued to receive GCV. A FOS-resistant strain (T700A) then emerged even though no FOS had been administered in the preceding year. CONCLUSION: The detection of antiviral-resistant CMV did not follow the patterns found in other patients tested for antiviral resistance, including emergence of a FOS-resistant strain in the absence of antiviral-selective pressure. These findings indicate the patient's underlying immunosuppressive condition should be considered for diagnosis and management of resistant CMV.     

Effects of the Family Check-Up 4 Health on Parenting and Child Behavioral Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Primary Care

The Family Check-Up 4 Health (FCU4Health) is an adaptation of the Family Check-Up (FCU) for delivery in primary care settings. While maintaining the original FCU’s focus on parenting and child behavioral health, we added content targeting health behaviors. This study evaluated whether the adapted FCU maintained positive effects on parenting (positive behavior support, limit setting, parental warmth) and child behavioral health (self-regulation, conduct problems, emotional problems). Pediatric (6–12 years) primary care patients with a BMI?≥?85^th%ile (n?=?240) were recruited from primary care clinics in Phoenix. Children were 75% Latino, 49% female, and 73% Medicaid recipients. This type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial compared families randomized to FCU4Health (n?=?141) or usual care (n?=?99). FCU4Health was delivered over a period of 6 months. This study focuses on a priori secondary outcomes included parenting and child behavioral health targets of the original FCU, assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Significant improvements were found for the FCU4Health condition, compared to usual care, in parenting from baseline to the 3-month assessment [β?=?.17 (.01; .32)]. Parenting predicted improvements in child self-regulation at 6-months [β?=?.17 (.03; .30)], which in turn predicted reductions in conduct problems [β?=?? .38 (? .51; ? .23)] and emotional problems [β?=?? .24 (? .38; ? .09)] at 12 months. Ethnicity and language of delivery (English or Spanish) did not moderate these effects. The FCU4Health can improve parenting and child behavioral health outcomes when delivered in primary care.

Trial Registration Trial registration number: NCT03013309 ClinicalTrials.gov

     

Facilitators and Barriers in Cross-Country Transport of Evidence-based Preventive Interventions: a Case Study Using the Family Check-Up

Prevention Science - This study is a qualitative analysis of facilitators and barriers in the dissemination of Family Check-Up (FCU), a U.S.-developed preventive intervention in Sweden. The FCU is...     

Variation in acute fluid resuscitation among pediatric burn centers

BackgroundAccurate resuscitation of pediatric patients with large thermal injury is critical to achieving optimal outcomes. The goal of this project was to describe the degree of variability in resuscitation guidelines among pediatric burn centers and the impact on fluid estimates.MethodsFive pediatric burn centers in the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative (PIQIC) contributed data from patients with ≥15% total body surface area (TBSA) burns treated from 2014 to 2018. Each center's resuscitation guidelines and guidelines from the American Burn Association were used to calculate estimated 24-h fluid requirements and compare these values to the actual fluid received.ResultsDifferences in the TBSA burn at which fluid resuscitation was initiated, coefficients related to the Parkland formula, criteria to initiate dextrose containing fluids, and urine output goals were observed. Three of the five centers’ resuscitation guidelines produced statistically significant lower mean fluid estimates when compared with the actual mean fluid received for all patients across centers (4.53 versus 6.35 ml/kg/% TBSA, p < 0.001), (4.90 versus 6.35 ml/kg/TBSA, p = 0.002) and (3.38 versus 6.35 ml/kg/TBSA, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis variation in practice patterns led to statistically significant differences in fluid estimates. One center chose to modify its resuscitation guidelines at the conclusion of this study.     

Understanding the Link Between Adolescent Same-Gender Contact and Unintended Pregnancy: The Role of Early Adversity and Sexual Risk Behavior

Past research suggests an apparent paradox: Women who engage in same-gender sexual behavior show higher rates of unintended pregnancy than women with exclusive other-gender sexual behavior. Such women also have disproportionate rates of early adversity (both harshness, such as abuse or neglect, and unpredictability, such as father absence). We used the Add Health data (N?=?5,617 cisgender women) to examine the relative contributions of early adversity, adolescent same-gender sexual behavior, and general sexual risk behavior to women’s risks for adult unintended pregnancy. Women who engaged in adolescent same-gender sexual behavior were more likely to report childhood adversity, and both childhood adversity and adolescent same-gender behavior made independent contributions to subsequent rates of unintended pregnancy. The association between adolescent same-gender sexual behavior and adult unintended pregnancy was partially attributable to the fact that women with adolescent same-gender sexual behavior engaged in greater sexual risk behavior more broadly. These findings suggest that same-gender sexual behavior in adolescence may relate to a broader set of sexual risk behaviors that augment future risk for unintended pregnancy, independent of sexual identity. We draw on life history theory to explain this pattern of results and suggest directions for future research.