磁共振波谱成像在前列腺癌中的应用

前列腺癌在男性已成为第二个最常见的被诊断的癌症。前列腺癌的早期检测对该病的治疗尤为重要。有许多方法来检测前列腺癌。MR波谱成像(MRS)可较好地早期检测前列腺癌。作者将讨论MRS的原理,前列腺癌的不同诊断前方法,以及目前已应用于临床的不同的机器和设备。     

Efficacy of modified pressure cuff for thrombolytic treatment on lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

To compare the effectiveness and patient comfort between two methods that block superficial venous blood flow during the thrombolytic treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to provide evidence that informs clinical choice.One hundred twenty patients with lower extremity DVT were randomly divided into sphygmomanometer (group A, n = 40), tourniquet (group B, n = 40), and control group (no blocking, n = 40). All the patients were treated with a daily dosage of urokinase using a dial sphygmomanometer cuff and tourniquet to block lower extremity superficial vein blood flow. The pressure of the dial sphygmomanometer blocking lower extremity superficial vein blood flow was measured during lower extremity venography. Leg swelling reduction rate, venous patency, thrombus removal rate, and average comfort index were observed during the blocking process.The average pressure value for group A was 70  ± 10 mm Hg. The differences in the swelling reduction rate and venous patency were significant between the groups. Comparing the two groups at different time points, the average thrombus clearance rate of group A was higher than that of group B and control group. The leg pain scores of group A were lower than those of group B and control group. The postoperative comfort ratio of group A was higher than that of group B, and the proportion of severe discomfort in group A was lower than that in group B.Compared with the tourniquet, using a dial sphygmomanometer cuff to block lower extremity superficial vein blood flow achieved a better thrombolytic effect on DVT and provided higher patient comfort during treatment.     

妊娠晚期下肢深静脉血栓形成患者抗凝剂皮下注射部位的研究

目的探讨妊娠晚期下肢深静脉血栓形成患者注射部位的选择策略,为规范护理操作流程提供依据。方法将下肢深静脉血栓形成,需要抗凝剂皮下注射治疗的妊娠晚期患者46例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各23例。观察组通过脐部做一水平线,经B超测定双侧前上侧腹部、前下侧腹部、中上侧腹部、中下侧腹部8个区域的皮下组织厚薄程度,在确定注射深度安全的情况下在腹部8个区域行轮换皮下注射;对照组选择部位为上臂部三角肌中、后区域轮换注射。比较两组注射后即刻、2 h疼痛评分,皮下淤斑和硬结的发生率及活化部分凝血活酶时间的变化。结果观察组注射后即刻、2 h疼痛评分,淤斑、硬结发生率显著低于对照组(均P 0. 01);两组治疗前后活化部分凝血活酶时间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。结论避开脐周(距脐10cm以内),在腹壁外侧缘8个区域内运用改良皮下注射技术对妊娠晚期患者行抗凝剂皮下注射安全、可行、有效。     

MR扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断中的应用进展

磁共振成像(MRI)已应用于前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断十多年。扩散加权成像(DWI)做为一种磁共振成像技术,可以在细胞水平提供定性和定量信息。 DWI在提高MRI诊断前列腺癌的精确性方面可能发展成一个强大的技术。在这篇文章中,我们将介绍DWI的原理及应用基础、临床应用、局限性及应用前景。