Wirkung und Wirkfaktoren von psychodramatischem Coaching — Eine experimentelle Evaluationsstudie

Zusammenfassung Diese Studie untersucht, wie Erfolg im Einzelcoaching entsteht und was Psychodrama dazu beitragen kann. Dabei werden zun?chst die vier Berner Wirkfaktoren dargestellt, die im Rahmen einer allgemeinen psychologischen Coachingkonzeption die vier m?glichen Erfolgsstrategien darstellen. über Videoauswertung und schriftliche Befragung aller Beteiligten wurden 35 Einzelsitzungen evaluiert. Dabei zeigten sich die vier Wirkfaktoren tats?chlich als elementar in kurz- und mittelfristig erfolgreichen Coachingprozessen. In dem experimentellen Vergleich wurde das psychodramatische Coaching zudem wesentlich besser bewertet als das Vergleichscoaching, was durch den Ressourcen- und Wachstumsfokus sowie die sehr gute Beziehungskompetenz der Psychodramatiker erkl?rt werden kann. Des Weiteren zeigen die Auswertungen, dass ein dosierter und gezielter Einsatz des psychodramatischen Methodenrepertoires fruchtbarer zu sein scheint als der zeitlich umfassende Einsatz des Psychodramas als Hauptinterventionsmethode.

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Summary The present study investigates the process of success development in one-to-one-coaching and examines how the method of psychodrama can contribute to this process. First the four change factors are presented. They represent the four success strategies in a general psychological coaching approach that can be chosen by the coach. Second 35 one-to-one-coaching sessions are evaluated by a video-based rating-system and questionnaires that were filled in by all coaches, clients and employees of the clients. In these analyses the four change factors were shown to be critical for short- and medium-term success. In an experimentally designed assessment the psychodramatic coachings had a considerably better result than the comparative coaching. This outcome could be explained by the focus on resources and growth and the high competence of the psychodramatic coaches to set up an appreciative coaching relationship. The analyses demonstrate furthermore that the well-aimed and specific use of psychodrama methods is more fruitful than its time-extensive use as the main intervention method.

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Peter Behrendt geb. 1977, Dipl. Psych., ausgebildeter Psychodrama-Therapeut und Mediator, seit 2004 freiberuflich Coaching, Moderation sowie Konzeption und Durchführung von Fortbildung und Trainings. Er konzipierte und leitete die Evaluationsstudie, die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegt.     

Improving quality of life: adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer

The present paper describes a psychological treatment programme — Adjuvant Psychological Therapy (APT) — that has been developed specifically for patients with cancer-related psychosocial disorders. APT is brief (average six sessions), directed at current problems and conducted with individual patients together with their partners or spouses, if possible. Therapy focuses on the personal meaning of cancer to the patient and his or her coping strategies. An outline of APT together with a clinical ilustration is given. A randomised trial has demonstrated that APT produces significant improvement in psychological distress and thus in the quality of life of patients with cancer.Presented at the Symposium Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Cancer Patients, Flims, Switzerland, 12–14 January 1995     

Personal and Social Factors Influencing Age at First Sexual Intercourse

Early initiation of sexual activity is aconcern, in part because of increased risk of sexuallytransmitted diseases, including HIV, and unwantedpregnancies among young people. In this study, 241 high schoolers were administered a questionnaire toestablish the relationships between age at first sexualintercourse and personal qualities (sexual style,attractiveness, physical maturity, restraint, autonomy expectations, and attitudes to gender roles),smoking and drug use, and aspects of the social context(social activities, media impact, peer norms). Therewere few effects of sex of respondent and none in which respondents' sex impacted on age ofinitiation. Overall (and among the male sample),perceptions of greater physical maturity, greater use ofuncommon (mostly illicit) drugs, and expectations of earlier autonomy significantly differentiatedbetween early and later initiators. This group offactors tends to confirm the view that early experienceof sexual intercourse is correlated with problembehaviors and a press toward adultbehaviors. For girls, this pattern was even clearer,with use of uncommon drugs being replaced as asignificant contributor to early sexual experience byrelative lack of restraint. We conclude that the desire to achieve thetransition to adulthood at an earlier age than theirpeers constitutes a powerful incentive for young peopleto become sexually active.     

Alexithymia and Pathological Gambling

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between alexithymia and gambling in a community sample of pathological gamblers. Pathological, problem and non-problem gamblers were recruited from the community via advertisements and completed an assessment of their gambling behavior and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Alexithymia was higher among male pathological gamblers who identified slot machines, cards, and lotteries as their primary gambling problem. High alexithymics scored higher on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual symptoms related to poor self-regulation, communication, and problem-solving skills. Although a correlational study, the evidence suggests that further investigation of the clinical significance of alexithymia in individuals with severe gambling pathology is indicated.     

A longitudinal communication approach in advanced lung cancer: A qualitative study of patients’, relatives’ and staff's perspectives

Communication and the care of patients with advanced cancer are a dynamic, interactive and challenging process, often characterised in every day practice by discontinuity and lack of coordination. The objective of this study was to explore the patients’ and family‐caregivers’ needs and preferences regarding communication, quality of life and care over the trajectory of disease. The second aim was to assess health professionals’ views on a longitudinally structured, forward‐thinking communication approach based on defined milestones. A qualitative approach was chosen incorporating semi‐structured interviews with nine patients with metastatic lung cancer and nine relatives, and focus groups with 15 healthcare providers from different professions involved in the care of these patients. Patients and relatives described a situation of shock and coping deficits with moments of insufficient communication and lack of continuity in care. Healthcare providers reported the strong need for improvement in communication within the team and between patients and professionals and welcomed the implementation of a longitudinal communication approach. Requirements for the implementation of a longitudinal communication approach include specific communication training with focus on the process that patients and relatives are involved in. Team‐building measures and the necessary flexibility to respect individuality in life should be incorporated.