老年急性胰腺炎患者临床特征分析

急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis，AP）是临床常见的急腹症之一。老年人胰腺炎的发病率逐渐增多，急性重型胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis，SAP）的比例较高。现将我院收治AP患者的5年病历进行回顾性分析，比较老年AP患者与非老年AP患者临床特点，探讨老年患者的临床特征，为改善老年AP患者的预后提供参考。     

内镜下卢戈液染色在早期食管癌及异型增生诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨应用卢戈(Lugol)液进行食管黏膜染色对诊断早期食管癌及癌前痛变的价值.方法 对该院2005年1月～2006年12月87例常规内镜下观察食管黏膜有轻度异常的患者,予2.5%Lugol氏液进行直视下染色,对病变处呈现碘染色、淡染及不染色区进行活检,结合病理结果 进行统计,探讨碘染色程度与活检病理结果 的关系.结果 87例患者中内镜下碘不染色者47例,病理诊断食管癌19例,异型增生9例.内镜下病变处碘淡染29例,碘染色11例,病理均为食管炎性表现.碘不染色区检出食管癌及异型增生共28例,检出率高于淡染及染色区(χ~2=35.139,P<0.001).内镜下病变不染色区异型增生及食管癌表现为黏膜粗糙8例(31.6%).结节不平16例(63.2%),扁平隆起12例(42.9%),三者占总检出率的78.8%,其他表现为红色黏膜4例、浅溃疡2例、黏膜缺失2例和白斑1例.结论 内镜下Lugol氏液染色有助于食管病变的鉴别诊断,可以提高异型增生及食管癌的检出率.     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后Cox回归分析

目的 探讨影响肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后的危险因素.方法 对2000年1月-2006年12月因食管静脉曲张破裂出血首次住院且随访资料完整的肝硬化患者进行回顾性分析.预后以死亡为终点,随访时间截至2009年8月31日.记录患者入院时生命体征、实验室检查等结果,计算Child-Pugh评分和分级、终末期肝病模型(M...     

影响肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血住院患者预后的有关因素分析

目的分析肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血住院患者短期预后因素。方法总结2000年1月~2006年12月因肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血首次住院的肝硬化患者175例资料,记录患者入院时生命体征、化验结果、治疗方案、出院情况,按公式计算Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分。男121例,女54例。住院死亡11例。结果单因素Cox回归分析显示Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分、出血次数、血白细胞计数、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比率（INR）是肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血短期预后的危险因素,HR分别为8.956、1.020、3.449、1.112、1.134和2.359（P〈0.05）;血钠、血白蛋白和凝血酶原活动度是保护因素,HR分别为0.856、0.857和0.919（P〈0.05）。结论 Child-Pugh分级、MELD评分、血白细胞计数以及血钠是影响肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者住院死亡的预后因素。     

细胞周期素D1（cyclin D1）和Ki67蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨细胞周期素D1（cyclinD1）、Ki67蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC）中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化方法检测28例ESCC组织和33例食管炎组织中cyclin D1蛋白、Ki67蛋白的表达。结果在ESCC与食管炎组织中cyclin D1阳性表达率分别为60.7%（17/28）和33.3%（11/33）（χ2=4.573,P=0.032）,Ki67标记指数（Ki67LI）分别为（49.21±25.15）%和（11.62±9.87）%（t=7.908,P=0.000）。ESCC组TNM分期中Ⅰ期cyclin D1阳性表达率为14.3%（1/7）,Ⅱ期为55.6%（5/9）,Ⅲ期为85.7%（6/7）,Ⅳ期为100%（5/5）,Ⅲ期与Ⅰ期、Ⅳ期与Ⅰ期相比,差异有显著性（P值分别为0.029,0.015）。有淋巴结转移者cyclin D1阳性表达率为90.9%（10/11）,无淋巴结转移者为41.2%（7/17）（P=0.016）。28例ESCC随访6～34个月,（25.0±4.2）月,死亡4例（3例为原发病进展,1例脑血管意外）,生存19例,失访5例。结论cyclin D1的表达与进展期肿瘤、淋巴结转移有关。Ki67在肿瘤中高表达,表达强弱与肿瘤分化程度及肿瘤分期无关。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后Cox回归分析

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for prognosis in liver cirrhotic patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in patients with liver cirrhosis,who were admitted to the hospital for EVB between January 2000 and December 2006 . All patients were follow-up to August 31st, 2009. The death of the patients was identified as the end of the study. The vital signs and results of laboratory tests were recorded when patients were admitted to the hospital. Child-Pugh score/grade, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score and Rockall score were calculated. Results Ninty-five cases (66 males and 29 females) were enrolled in the study. Among them, 60 cases died and 35 cases survived for (42. 61±33.21) months (ranged from 2 days to 114 months). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, male, Child-Pugh score/grade, MELD score, Rockall score, white blood cell counts and active hepatitis B were risk factors for death in liver cirrhotic patients with EVB (P＜0.05), while high level of hemoglobin and high hematocrit, endoscopic variceal sclerosis therapy or surgical treatment were protective factors (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Child-Pugh grade (RR= 4. 997,95%CI:2. 787～8. 960, P＜0.01),Rockall score (RR= 1. 284,95%CI:1. 062～1. 553,P=0. 010), high counts of white blood cells (RR= 1. 072,95%CI: 1. 001 ～ 1. 148, P= 0. 046) were risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB. Conclusion It is demonstrated that Child-Pugh grade,Rockall score and high counts of white blood cells are risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB.     

食管远端鳞状上皮细胞间隙增宽对非糜烂性反流病诊断的价值

目的:研究非糜烂性反流病(NERD)食管远端鳞状上皮细胞间隙变化及与食管酸暴露、反流症状严重程度的关系,探讨细胞间隙增宽对NERD诊断的价值.方法:纳入NERD患者(66例)和正常对照者(38例).所有受试者行GerdQ调查、食管24hpH值监测、胃镜检查并在食管齿状线(Z线)和Z上2cm线位置取活检,透射电镜测量鳞状上皮细胞间隙;pH监测阴性NERD患者行质子泵抑制剂诊断试验确诊.结果:(1)NERD组Z线和Z线上2cm的平均细胞间隙分别为(0.90±0.11)μm、(0.92±0.16)μm,正常对照组分别为(0.65±0.08)μm、(0.67±0.08)μm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组内差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)NERD患者Z线和Z线上2cm两部位pH(+)亚组与pH(-)亚组的细胞间隙比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);GerdQ(+)亚组与GerdQ(-)亚组的细胞间隙比较,差异也均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)Z线和Z线上2cm两部位的平均细胞间隙与DeMeester积分均呈正相关性,r分别为0.33(P=0.001)、0.35(P=0.001);与GerdQ评分也均呈正相关性,r分别为0.32(P=0.006)、0.45(P<0.001);(4)Z线平均细胞间隙的cut-off值为0.81μm时,约登指数最大(0.808),诊断的敏感度为80.8%,特异度为100.0%.Z线上2cm平均细胞间隙的cut-off值为0.81μm时,约登指数最大(0.731),诊断的敏感度为75.8%,特异度为97.4%.结论:NERD食管远端鳞状上皮细胞间隙明显增宽,细胞间隙与食管远端胃酸暴露和反流症状的严重程度呈正相关.细胞间隙增宽可作为NERD诊断的一种敏感客观结构指标.     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后Cox回归分析

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for prognosis in liver cirrhotic patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in patients with liver cirrhosis,who were admitted to the hospital for EVB between January 2000 and December 2006 . All patients were follow-up to August 31st, 2009. The death of the patients was identified as the end of the study. The vital signs and results of laboratory tests were recorded when patients were admitted to the hospital. Child-Pugh score/grade, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score and Rockall score were calculated. Results Ninty-five cases (66 males and 29 females) were enrolled in the study. Among them, 60 cases died and 35 cases survived for (42. 61±33.21) months (ranged from 2 days to 114 months). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, male, Child-Pugh score/grade, MELD score, Rockall score, white blood cell counts and active hepatitis B were risk factors for death in liver cirrhotic patients with EVB (P＜0.05), while high level of hemoglobin and high hematocrit, endoscopic variceal sclerosis therapy or surgical treatment were protective factors (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Child-Pugh grade (RR= 4. 997,95%CI:2. 787～8. 960, P＜0.01),Rockall score (RR= 1. 284,95%CI:1. 062～1. 553,P=0. 010), high counts of white blood cells (RR= 1. 072,95%CI: 1. 001 ～ 1. 148, P= 0. 046) were risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB. Conclusion It is demonstrated that Child-Pugh grade,Rockall score and high counts of white blood cells are risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB.     

上消化道固有肌层肿瘤经内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术和黏膜下肿瘤挖除术的治疗对比

目的:评价内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection,STER)和黏膜下肿瘤挖除术(endoscopic submucosal excavation,ESE)治疗上消化道固有肌层肿瘤的疗效和安全性。方法:选择2013 年4 月至2016 年12 月在北京大学第三医院诊断为上消化道固有肌层肿瘤并行STER治疗(n=28)和ESE治疗(n=14)的患者病例资料进行回顾分析,分析比较两组的临床病理和内镜结果、治疗和并发症发生情况。结果:42 例病变均顺利完成切除,成功率100%。两组间(STER组 vs. ESE组)从性别、年龄、病变大小[1.5(1.0~6.0) cm vs. 1.3(0.5~2.0) cm,P=0.056]差异均无统计学意义,STER组的病变切除时间长于ESE组[46.5(11.0~163.0) min vs. 19.5(6.0~56.0) min, P=0.007],创面钛夹缝合时间短于ESE组[3.5(1.0~11.0) min vs. 8.0(2.0~33.0) min, P=0.006],两组差异均有统计学意义,但总的手术时间的差异无统计学意义[52.0(14.0~167.0) min vs. 31.5(10.0~88.0) min,P=0.080]。术后一次性整块切除率(92.9% vs. 85.7%)、治疗后住院时间、术后并发症(10.7% vs. 0)两组间差异无统计学意义。STER组术后发生肺炎2 例,纵隔气肿1 例,保守对症支持治疗后痊愈;ESE组术后无并发症发生。术后经常规病理及免疫组化染色确诊平滑肌瘤28 例,间质瘤14 例。STER组6 例间质瘤均为极低危险度;ESE组4 例间质瘤为极低危险度,4例间质瘤为中等危险度[病变大小约1.0~2.0 cm,核分裂像(6~8)个/50 高倍视野]。所有患者中位随访时间46.5 个月(24~60个月),中等危险度间质瘤的患者最短随访时间为32个月,均未见肿瘤残留、复发及隧道内种植。结论:STER和ESE均可成为治疗来源于上消化道固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤的有效、安全的方案选择之一,与STER相比,ESE切除病变时间短,但创面缝合时间长,总的手术时间相当。