The Influence of Different Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Alveolar Bone in Rats: An Experimental Study

The aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen trometamol, meloxicam, diclofenac sodium on any untreated alveolar bone when they are used as drugs for another indication.

Materials and Methods

Twenty eight male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups as dexketoprofen trometamol (Group I), meloxicam (Group II), diclofenac sodium (Group III) and control group. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were administered after a fibula fracture for 10 days. Untreated alveolar bone was histopathologically examined for spongious bone density, osteoclastic density and osteoblastic density.

Results

Spongious bone density was lower in study groups (Group I, group II and group III) than the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, the increase in osteoclastic density was observed in other groups apart from the control group (p<0.05). Osteoblastic density was evaluated and it was determined that group II and group III had lower results than the control group (p<0.05) but group I was equal to the control group.

Conclusion

This study showed that systemically administrated NSAIDs have the potential to affect untreated alveolar bone. This should also be considered in long term use of NSAIDs.Key Words: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, bone remodeling, osteoblast, osteoclast, maxillary bone     

In vitro effects of some anesthetic drugs on enzymatic activity of human red blood cell glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

The study investigated in vitro effects of halothane, isoflurane, ketamine, sevoflurane, prilocaine, diazepam, and midazolam on enzymatic activity of human red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; E.C. 1.1.1.49). G6PD was purified from human red blood cells by 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B affinity gel. Enzymatic activity was spectrophotometrically measured at 340 nm according to the method of Beutler. I50 values were determined from drug activity (%) - drug concentration curves. I50 values were as follows: 0.72 mM for isoflurane, 1.82 mM for sevoflurane, 0.38 mM for diazepam, and 0.0019 mM for midazolam. But halothane, ketamine and prilocaine had no inhibitory effect on the G6PD activity in in vitro.     

Clearance of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects

PURPOSE: To evaluate clearance changes of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in mismatched and matched pulmonary perfusion defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients (14 women, 7 men; mean age, 51 +/- 14 years) with possible pulmonary embolism were included in the study. On the day after perfusion (Q) scintigraphy with 5 mCi Tc-99m MAA, radioaerosol inhalation scintigraphy was performed using 45 mCi Tc-99m DTPA. Immediately and 45 minutes after the inhalation, early and delayed inhalation images (EI and DI, respectively) were obtained. Group 1 included 11 patients with mismatched defects who had a high probability of pulmonary embolism according to the Q/EI scan results. Group 2 included 10 patients with matched defects who had a low probability of PE. Contralateral normal lungs of 7 patients in group 2 served as controls (group 3). In groups 1 and 2, regions of interest were drawn over the mismatched and matched perfusion defects where they were best visualized, and this region of interest was mirrored to the same region on EI and DI images. For the control group, this was done in the contralateral normal lung. Mean counts in each region of interest were used for quantitative analysis, and the percentage clearance ratio was calculated using the following formula: early counts - late counts/early counts x 100. RESULTS: The average percentage clearances for the three groups were as follows: group 1, 37% +/- 10%; group 2, 21% +/- 4%; group 3, 24% +/- 7%. Differences between groups 1 and 3 were significant, as were those between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Patients with mismatched perfusion defects had increased DTPA clearance compared with the control group and those with matched defects. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular occlusion may lead to impairment of the alveolar-capillary barrier and consequently an increase in the clearance of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in embolized regions. Immediately after inhalation, Tc-99m DTPA imaging should be started in the projection where perfusion defects are best seen to avoid potential misinterpretation of pulmonary embolism.     

Assessment of alveolar epithelial permeability with Tc-99m DTPA aerosol scintigraphy in patients with Sjogren syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands and usually presents as persistent dryness of the mouth and eyes. Lung disease in SjS has been reported to occur early following clinical presentation of the disease. In this study, technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) aerosol inhalation scintigraphy was used to assess the pulmonary membrane permeability in patients with primary SjS. A total of 18 patients with primary SjS and 13 healthy controls were investigated. Clinical evaluation, chest X-ray examination, pulmonary function tests, Tc-99m DTPA aerosol scintigraphy were performed in all the cases. The presence of respiratory symptoms (dyspnea and cough), duration of sicca symptoms were recorded. The clearance half time of Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosols in patients with SjS (20.49 ± 2.56 min) was faster when compared to normal controls (42.32 ± 13.28 min) (P = 0.000) which means that there is a significant increase in lung permeability in patients with SjS compared to the controls. There is also a significant difference between PI of patients with SjS (0.34 ± 0.09) and that of controls (0.42 ± 0.07) (P = 0.012). According to the results of our preliminary study, one can detect pulmonary involvement by Tc-99m DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy in patients with primary SjS.     

Effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary epithelial permeability in lung cancer

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of one-course chemotherapy on the pulmonary epithelial permeability. Eighteen patients (18 male; mean age: 59+/-10 years) with lung cancer (11 non-small cell, 7 small cell) inhaled 40 mCi (1,480 MBq) (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Thirty images of 1-min duration were acquired from posterior projection. The first 7 min of the decay-corrected time activity curves were used to calculate lung clearance half-time. Clearance half-times of (99m)Tc-DTPA from the peripheral regions of the lungs were 42+/-19 min before and 56+/-34 min after chemotherapy (p=0.009); from the central regions, clearance half-times were 112+/-94 min before and 160+/-125 min after chemotherapy (p=0.005). This decrease in clearance rate might be related to decreasing mucociliary clearance rate due to the toxic effect of the chemotherapy regimen on cilia movement and/or mucus structure. (99m)Tc-DTPA radioaerosol study can be used to monitor the toxic effects of chemotherapy on the pulmonary epithelium and possibly on mucociliary function.     

尺桡骨旋转截骨治疗大龄分娩性臂丛神经损伤前臂旋前挛缩畸形

目的 评价尺桡骨旋转截骨术治疗分娩性臂丛神经损伤(产瘫)肘挛缩后遗症的价值.方法 2007年8月至2009年10月,对13例产瘫肘后遗症前臂旋前挛缩并发桡骨小头脱位的患儿,行前臂尺桡骨旋前截骨手术.术后以旋前位置角度的改善作为前臂功能的评价标准.结果 术后随访时间为6～16个月,平均8个月.术后前臂均处于旋前30.位,功能及外观获得改善.结论 尺桡骨旋转截骨矫形手术在产瘫肘挛缩后遗症的治疗中具有一定的应用价值.     

Radiological,clinical and audiological evaluation of jugular bulb–vestibular aqueduct dehiscence

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of jugular bulb–vestibular aqueduct dehiscence (JBVAD) in patients undergoing temporal bone multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and assess the relationship between JBVAD and hearing loss with the findings of audiometry.

Methods: About 1503 temporal bone MDCT scans were evaluated for the prevalence of JBVAD. Correlation of the imaging findings and audiometric data was performed. Patients were divided into two groups, those with and those without hearing loss, and were statistically compared.

Results: Jugular bulb–vestibular aqueduct dehiscence was detected in 124 of the 1503 patients with a prevalence of 8.2%. MDCT images of 56 of the 124 patients were normal except for JBVAD (n?=?38) and close proximity of the jugular bulb (JB) and vestibular aqueduct (VA) (n?=?18). A total of 23 of 38 patients with JBVAD and 7 of 18 patients with close proximity of the JB and VA had hearing loss detected by audiometric evaluation.

Conclusions: The most common hearing loss was detected as sensorineural hearing loss in patients with JBVAD. Also, median air and bone conduction and air bone gap values were found statistically higher in patients with hearing loss versus those without hearing loss.     

The role of Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma

The cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign orbital tumor in adults. Its presentation is during the forth to fifth decades with a slowly progressive unilateral proptosis. Intraconal cavernous hemangiomas may be difficult to differentiate from other intraconal lesions such as schwannomas, meningiomas and hemangiopericytomas. We report a case of orbital cavernous hemangioma diagnosed by Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy. Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy revealed a typical scintigraphic pattern in which there is intense focally increased uptake on the delayed image. We conclude that Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy can be a useful method in the differential diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma as in hepatic hemangioma.