The Ljubljana IUDS: further observations on surface morphology

Twelve IUDs that had been worn from 8 years 10 months to 24 years were examined by SEM. Photomicrographs of selected samples are shown, and a discussion of the nature of the surface encrustations is provided. The authors are of the opinion that surface encrustations are generic to different types of IUDs and that their clinical significance is presently unknown.

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Resumen Doce DIU que fueron usados de 8 años 10 meses a 24 años, se examinaron por microscopio de barrido. Se muestran microfotografías de especímenes seleccionados y se especula sobre la naturaleza de las incrustaciones en la superficie. Los autores son de opinión que las incrustaciones en la superficie son comunes para los distintos tipos de DIU y que actualmente se desconoce su significado clínico.

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Résumé Douze stérilets qui ont été utilisés pendant une période allant de 8 ans et 10 mois à 24 ans ont fait object 'dun examen sous microscope électronique. Des microphotographies de spécimens sélectionnés illustrent ce document. Après avoir examiné la nature des incrustations superficielles, les auterus en ont tiré la conclusion que les différents types de stérilets présentent tous les mêmes incrustations dont on ne connaît pas encore la signification clinique.

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Presented at the 3rd International Meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception, Bordeaux, France, September, 1985     

Economic considerations in the use of laparoscopy for diagnosing pelvic inflammatory disease

The clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is associated with an average accuracy rate of 65% when preoperative impressions are confirmed or rejected with laparoscopy. The cost of this error rate should be evaluated when considering the cost and risks of immediate laparoscopy in patients suspected of having PID. This study reviewed selected patient admissions for PID from Northwestern Memorial Hospital for the years 1981-1985. The costs of hospitalization and treatment and the inherent diagnostic error rate were considered concurrently. No significant additional expense would have been incurred if all the women admitted with a clinical diagnosis of PID had had laparoscopic verification of their clinical diagnoses as compared to the cost of treatment with intravenous antibiotics for three to five days. We recommend the early use of laparoscopy in establishing the diagnosis of PID because it ensures a more accurate and definitive diagnosis and does not add significantly to costs.     

Limiting multiple pregnancy in in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess how the number of embryos transferred can be adjusted to limit multiple gestations. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 535 consecutive embryo transfers for the years 1991–1993 was conducted. Results: Fewer than three embryos were associated with a low pregnancy rate. Pregnancy rates were highest in women less than 35 when four or more embryos were transferred. With four or more embryos, multiple gestation pregnancy correlated with the number of high-quality embryos transferred. The risk of triplets and quadruplets was greatest for women less than 40. Conclusions: Multiple-embryo transfer carries a risk of plural gestation. The risk of multiple pregnancy cannot be eliminated without decreasing the pregnancy rate. The risk of high-order multiple pregnancy was best correlated with the number of good-quality embryos transferred. While all are at risk, patients younger than 40 were at highest risk.     

医疗费用全程公开的实现方式及效果

本文对医疗费用公开过程中的思想认识、软件开发、使用培训及物价部门支持等各种问题进行讨论分析.认为依托医院信息管理系统,实现全程医疗费用公开,并应用IC卡随时查询的方式,可以更好地突出以病人为中心和展示医院良好的自律形象.     

科研项目评估方法的研究

为探讨我国的科研项目评估方法的先进性,本文介绍了国内外科研项目评估的主要方法,阐述了科研项目评估的主要方法的定义、用途及其优缺点,为正确评价各种科研项目评估方法提供参考.     

Billings自然避孕法作为计划生育措施的临床初试

113名育龄妇女根据不同要求用Billings自然避孕法作为计划生育措施,共428个周期;其中要求避孕及延缓受孕76名,避孕成功率为92.59%(妇女年)。本法安全、有效、简便、经济,对自愿暂缓生育的新婚夫妇及不适应现有避孕方法的夫妇更为适用,也能为不同文化程度的人所接受,是一种值得进一步研究、逐步推广应用的计划生育措施。