纤毛相关疾病：细胞学机制及转化应用进展

BACKGROUND: Cilium is an antenna-like organelle that plays a vital role in all organs generation and maintenance. Ciliopathies refer to multisystem diseases caused by disorders of the cilia structure and function. OBJECTIVE: To introduce current understanding of the structure and function of the cilium, with a focus on the study progress of ciliopathies. METHODS: PubMed database was searched by computer using the keywords of “primary cilium, motion cilium, ciliopathy”. Totally 371 relevant articles published from 1959 to 2015 were retrieved. After excluding repetitive and irrelevant articles, we enrolled 32 English literatures regarding cilia structure, function and ciliopathies in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ciliopathies almost involve every system of the human body, such as the brain, eyes, liver, kidney, bone and reproductive system. Most ciliopathies are related to human developmental or degenerative diseases, which characterized by wide-ranging clinical and genetic heterogeneity, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, ploycystic kidney disease, infertility, blindness and tumor. In view of the medical importance of the cilium, scholars have devoted to studying the underlying cellular mechanisms. These in turn have revealed that ciliopathies are not only caused by defective assembly of the cilium, but also by impaired ciliary signaling. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

可吸收棒治疗髌骨脱位骨软骨骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨研究应用可吸收棒固定治疗青少年创伤性髌骨脱位引起的骨软骨骨折在有效康复治疗后的临床疗效。 方法回顾性研究因创伤性髌骨脱位导致的骨软骨骨折而采用可吸收棒固定治疗的患者。所有患者均是在2012到2014期间在内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院因骨软骨骨折接受手术治疗,纳入标准：髌骨脱位伴随骨软骨骨折,年龄小于18岁;排除标准：年龄大于18岁,髌骨脱位以外的原因引起的骨软骨骨折。所有患者术前均经过MRI检查。本组共纳入15例患者,女性11例,男性4例,平均(14.6±1.8)岁,其中11例患者的骨软骨骨折块来自髌骨,4例患者的骨软骨骨折块发生在股骨的外侧髁。所有15例患者的骨软骨骨折均行切开复位可吸收棒固定治疗,术后患肢采用石膏固定制动,所有患者的康复均采用统一治疗的方案。使用膝关节损伤和骨关节炎评分(KOOS),国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC),膝关节运动评分(Tegner)对手术前及随访时的膝关节进行评估,术前和随访时数据采用配对t检验分析。 结果15例患者全部骨性愈合,术后经合理康复后15例患者均无并发症的发生,随访时间平均为(2.4±0.7)年,术前评分KOOS(71.2±6.2),IKDC(74.1±6.0),Tegner(4.1±1.7),随访时KOOS评分(86.9±5.8),IKDC评分(88.7±6.1),Tegner评分(5.9±1.6),较手术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t ＝－8.6、－6.3、－7.1, P<0.05)。 结论可吸收棒固定治疗骨软骨骨折在有效康复后临床疗效可靠,通过中期的随访,具有较高的骨性愈合率,没有接受二次手术的患者。     

关节镜下双滑轮缝合技术固定肩胛盂前缘骨折

目的评估关节镜下双滑轮(double-pulley)缝合技术固定肩胛盂前缘骨折(Ideberg Ⅰa型)临床结果。 方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年3月在内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院进行关节镜手术治疗的Ideberg Ⅰa型肩胛盂骨折患者10例。术前拍摄患肩X光片及CT三维重建明确诊断及分型。10例患者均在关节镜下使用double-pulley缝合技术固定肩胛盂骨折。术后3~6个月行CT三维重建评估复位及愈合情况。采用秩和检验和t检验比较术前及术后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)和Rowe评分;测定肩关节活动范围;并评估术后肩关节脱位复发情况。 结果所有患者均实现骨性愈合。术后平均随访(21.0±2.1)个月。VAS评分由术前1(1,2)改善至最后随访时的0.5(0,1),两组差异无统计学意义(Z＝-1.583,P>0.05);Rowe评分由术前(58±16)改善至最后随访时的(92±6)(t＝6.344,P<0.001)。术后所有患者均无肩关节复发脱位。最后随访时患肩关节活动度：前屈上举角度为(171±7)°,体侧外旋角度为(73±6)°,体侧内旋可触及胸椎T10~T7,与对侧相比没有显著性差异。所有患者手术切口无感染,无神经血管损伤。 结论关节镜下Double-pulley缝合固定Ideberg Ⅰa型肩胛盂骨折是一种切实可行的术式。