邱健主任从心小肠藏象系统论治腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床经验

邱健主任医师从事中医临床35年,临床治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)有独到的见解,认为IBS-D的病因为先天禀赋不足和(或)后天失养、情志失调、饮食不节、感受外邪等,其发病关键在于心小肠藏象系统功能紊乱,心阳不足,不能温煦小肠,小肠泌别清浊失司而发为泄泻,以“桂枝荔芝汤”为基础方论治此病临床效果显著。     

大补元煎通过上调BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路改善APP/PS1双转基因痴呆小鼠海马突触可塑性

目的:观察大补元煎对APP/PS1痴呆小鼠海马突触可塑性及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体B(TrkB)/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路的作用,并探讨其改善突触可塑性的可能机制。方法:将APP/PS1小鼠36只分为模型组、多奈哌齐组(6.5×10~(-4)g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))和大补元煎组(13.2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),野生鼠12只设为正常组,正常组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水,各组连续灌胃30 d。应用Morris水迷宫检测各组小鼠的学习记忆能力,应用尼氏染色和高尔基染色观察海马区神经元和突触的病理形态变化,应用免疫荧光(IF)观察海马突触后致密蛋白95(PSD95)及突触素(SYN)的蛋白表达水平,采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测海马中BDNF,TrkB,CREB及磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)的蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠平台潜伏期和游泳总路程增加(P0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间减少(P0.01),小鼠海马CA3区神经元胞内尼氏体减少或消失,小鼠海马CA3区神经元及树突分支数量、树突棘密度减少(P0.01),小鼠海马SYN,PSD95,BDNF,TrkB及p-CREB的蛋白表达水平减少(P0.01)。与模型组比较,多奈哌齐组和大补元煎组小鼠平台潜伏期和游泳总路程减少(P0.05,P0.01),穿越平台次数和目标象限停留时间增加(P0.05,P0.01),小鼠海马CA3区神经元胞内尼氏体数量增多,小鼠海马CA3区神经元及树突分支数量,树突棘密度增加(P0.05,P0.01),小鼠海马SYN,PSD95,BDNF,TrkB及p-CREB的蛋白表达水平增加(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:大补元煎改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠突触可塑性的机制可能与其上调小鼠海马中BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路有关。     

HPLC法同时测定健儿膏中8种成分

目的建立HPLC法同时测定健儿膏(党参、山药、甘草等)中白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ、党参炔苷、紫丁香苷、去氢土莫酸、土莫酸、去氢茯苓酸、茯苓酸的含有量。方法该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用Diamonsil Plus C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.05%磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长210、220、266 nm。结果 8种成分在各组范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 1),平均加样回收率96.99%~100.01%,RSD 0.83%~1.47%。结论该方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于健儿膏的质量控制。     

深圳地区汉族急性白血病儿童GSTP1全编码区基因多态性分析

目的研究深圳地区汉族急性白血病(AL)患儿谷胱甘肽转移酶P1(GSTP1)基因全编码区内的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)基因型和等位基因频率分布特征。方法用RT-PCR和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对108例AL患儿和121例对照儿童的GSTP1全编码区内的SNPs进行筛查分析。结果在GSTP1全编码区内共筛查到3个SNPs位点,包括1个热点突变位点A313G(Ile105Val,rs1695)、1个错义突变位点G439T(Asp147Tyr,rs4986949)和1个同义突变位点T555C(Ser185Ser,rs4891),其在汉族儿童分布等位基因总频率分别为16.4%、1.3%和16.4%,且具有明显的种族差异性。GSTP1 A313G、G439T和T555C多态性各基因型和等位基因频率分布在AL患儿和对照组儿童中差异均无统计学意义(P分别为0.691和0.359;0.898和0.581、0.691和0.359)。结论对深圳地区汉族儿童GSTP1基因全编码区多态性进行筛查分析,确定了GSTP1 A313G,G439T和T555C 3个SNPs位点,其具有种族差异性且与儿童AL发病风险均无关。     

建昌帮蜜糠炒白术炮制工艺优化

目的优选建昌帮蜜糠炒白术的炮制工艺。方法以白术内酯I、白术内酯II、白术内酯III、苍术酮、醇浸出物质量分数为指标,HPLC法及《中国药典》2010年版中的醇浸出物法测定各个指标,采用L9(34)正交试验,确定其最佳炮制工艺参数:蜜糠用量、炒制温度和炒制时间。结果蜜糠炒白术的最佳工艺:辅料蜜糠用量为50%(占药材质量的百分比),炒制温度为200℃,炒制时间为5 min。结论最佳炮制工艺经验证,稳定可行。     

Effects of Jian Pi Qu Shi Formula on intestinal bacterial flora in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A prospective randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe incidence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) has recently increased remarkably. Immune dysfunction caused by disordered intestinal flora might be an important factor affecting IMN. The Jian Pi Qu Shi Formula (JPQSF) shows promise in treating IMN. Here, we sequenced 16S rRNA genes to compare intestinal flora between patients with IMN and healthy persons. We also conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial to further compare the intestinal flora of patients with IMN treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine (WM).MethodsAmong 40 patients with IMN treated at Department of Nephrology in Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2016 and December 2018, we compared 30 of them with 10 healthy persons (controls). The IMN group was randomly assigned to receive JPQSF (TCM) or immunosuppressant WM therapy in (n = 15 per group) for 6 months. Intestinal microbiota diversity was analyzed using alpha diversity and beta diversity. Intestinal flora that significantly differed between the groups was analyzed using MetaStat. The effects and safety of the therapies were determined based on the values for plasma albumin, 24-h urine protein excretion, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), complete blood count, and liver enzymes. All data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 statistical software.ResultsBaseline characteristics did not significantly differ between the IMN and healthy groups, or the TCM and WM groups. After six months of treatment, 24-h urinary protein significantly declined in the TCM and WM groups (before and after treatment: 3.24 ± 1.74 vs. 1.73 ± 1.85 g, P < 0.05 and 3.94 ± 1.05 vs. 1.91 ± 1.18 g, P < 0.05, respectively). Plasma albumin was significantly increased in the TCM group (before vs. after treatment: 32.44 ± 9.04 vs. 39.99 ± 7.03 g/L, P < 0.05), but did not significantly change in the WM group (31.55 ± 4.23 vs. 34.83 ± 9.14 g/L, P > 0.05). Values for urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and eGFR did not significantly change in either group. The alpha diversity index for intestinal flora differed between the IMN and healthy groups, and the TCM and WM groups. Comparisons of multiple samples (beta diversity) revealed differences in intestinal flora between the IMN and healthy groups, and the TCM and WM groups. The Metastat analysis findings showed that the main genera that differed between the IMN group before treatment and the healthy group were Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Bifidobacterium (77), Dorea, Escherichia-Shigella, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Coprococcus_3. After TCM therapy, the main differential genera were Butyricimonas, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Lachnospira, and after WM therapy, these were Ruminococcus_2, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, and [Eubacterium]_ventriosum_group.ConclusionPatients with IMN might have disordered intestinal flora, and JPQSF can regulate intestinal flora in patients with IMN.     

丹皮酚软膏治疗老年人皮肤瘙痒症的临床和实验研究

目的观察丹皮酚软膏治疗老年皮肤瘙痒症的疗效,并通过动物实验,对比丹皮酚软膏和氢化可的松软膏的抗过敏止痒效果。方法将80例老年皮肤瘙痒症患者按1︰1的比例随机分为治疗组40例和对照组40例,治疗组用润燥止痒胶囊配合丹皮酚软膏治疗,对照组用润燥止痒胶囊配合氢化可的松软膏,均外用3周后观察临床疗效。以4氨基吡啶诱发小鼠舔体反应,观察丹皮酚软膏对舔体反应的影响;以组胺使豚鼠皮肤瘙痒,观察丹皮酚软膏对豚鼠致痒阈的影响。低分子右旋糖酐诱发小鼠皮肤瘙痒,观察丹皮酚软膏的止痒作用。结果对比丹皮酚软膏和氢化可的松软膏的临床疗效,治疗组有效率为100%;对照组有效率为92.5%,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。丹皮酚软膏显著抑制4-氨基吡啶诱发的小鼠舔体反应;显著提高豚鼠对组胺的致痒阈;显著抑制低分子右旋糖酐诱发的小鼠皮肤瘙痒。结论丹皮酚软膏对多种动物模型有止痒作用,丹皮酚软膏治疗老年人皮肤瘙痒症效果好。     

Quality of primary health care in China: an analysis of data from a nationwide longitudinal survey

Background

China has made remarkable efforts and achievements since its health reform in 2009, yet there are substantial knowledge gaps in the quality of primary health care (PHC) in China. We aimed to assess the quality of PHC in China by analysing hospital admission rates among diabetics, a frequently used quality indicator for PHC.

Income-related inequality and its effect on depression prevalence in China: a longitudinal,population study

Background

Depression is an important mental health disorder, which is facing a serious problem of inequality. However, compared with the field of physical health, there is not as much research into the fairness of mental health. Moreover, the research mainly focuses on cross-sectional studies. Vertical comparison is missing. Therefore, we aimed to measure the income-related inequality of depressive symptoms and its trends among elderly people in China.