精神分裂症患者子女青少年期心理状况的调查分析

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者子女与健康人群子女的青少年期心理状况及性格特征差异.方法 对上海市嘉定区33例精神分裂症患者子女青少年期（研究组）和33例健康人群子女（对照组）,采用艾森克个性问卷（少年版）（EPQ）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、自尊量表（SES）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）进行测试,比较两组间的差异.结果 研究组EPQ的精神质、神经质评分显著高于对照组,内外向评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.研究组SAS、SDS显著高于对照组,SES、GSES评分显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 精神分裂症患者子女较正常人群子女在青少年期更易出现焦虑、抑郁、自卑等心理问题,精神分裂症患者子女青少年期的心理健康值得关注.     

精神分裂症患者前额叶的GABA及谷氨酸浓度异常——活体1H-MRS研究

背景:精神分裂症的病因及病理机制不明,传统的多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)假说不能完全解释其病理学及治疗学.谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)及γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)假说认为精神分裂症患者脑内的Glu或GABA浓度异常.磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)技术发现精神分裂症谷氨酸类物质水平在前额叶腹内侧(ventromedial prefrontal cortex,vmPFC)(包括前扣带回)(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC)升高.目的:探讨谷氨酸系统(谷氨酸及γ-氨基丁酸)在精神分裂症原因学及病理机制中的作用.方法:24例未服药精神分裂症患者及24例性别、年龄及教育程度相配的健康志愿者入组,应用西门子MRI 3T采集被试的磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)数据,感兴趣区包括左侧前额叶背外侧(left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,lDLPFC)、前额叶腹内侧(ventromedial prefrontal cortex,vmPFC)及前扣带回(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC),运用LCModel软件分析了感兴趣区的γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)、氮乙酰天冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)及氮乙酰天冬氨酸谷氨酸(N-acetylaspartylglutamate,NAAG)等物质浓度.同时应用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative Syndrome scale,PANSS)及临床总体印象量表(Clinical Global Impression Scale,CGI)评估患者的精神症状和疾病严重程度.结果:精神分裂症组和健康对照组前扣带回的GABA浓度分别为1.90(Q1=1.55,Q3=2.09)及2.16(Q1=1.87,Q3=2.59)、Glu浓度分别为6.07(2.48)及6.54(1.99)、Gln浓度分别为0.36(Q1=0.00,Q3=0.74)及0.29(Q1=0.00,Q3=0.59),GABA浓度的组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.95,p=0.003),GABA/(NAA+NAAG)的组间差异有统计学意义(t=-2.72,p=0.012),而Glu及Gln的组间差异均无统计学意义.精神分裂症患者组的年龄与前扣带回的GABA浓度呈负相关(R=-0.494,p=0.014),与GABA/(NAA+NAAG)呈负相关(R=-0.473,p=0.020),但对照组无此相关性.经过FDR方法校正后,未发现临床症状与各代谢产物浓度无显著相关性.结论:精神分裂症患者前额叶腹内侧的谷氨酸类物质浓度异常,而前扣带回的GABA浓度降低,支持精神分裂症脑内谷氨酸-GABA异常假说.精神分裂症患者前扣带回的GABA随年龄增长加速减退.临床症状与前扣带回的代谢物浓度可能相关.     

“三联性”感应性精神病1例(英文)

A 50-year-old factory worker was admitted to hospital following an altercation with fellow workers. He reported a 25-year history of grandiose delusions related to being a special agent for the Taiwanese and US governments (for which he had been paid 100 million dollars) and paranoid delusions related to persecution by China’s national security agencies. After detailed assessment by several specialists he was diagnosed as having paranoid schizophrenia. His 48-year-old wife stated that his reports of working as a secret agent were true and that she herself was under scrutiny by the security forces. His 26-year-old son (who was unmarried and still lived with his parents) reported that his father was a ’Great Man’ with special abilities who was unfairly persecuted and stated that he, too, had been secretly followed. The delusions reported by the wife and son were judged to be induced by those of the patient and so this was determined to be a case of Folie à Trois. After one week of treatment with risperidone - which did not influence the patient’s delusional system - he was removed from hospital by his wife and stopped treatment. Three months later the three family members continued to believe that the reported events were true.     

经颅微电流刺激对轻度抑郁症患者HPA、BDNF水平及临床症状的影响

目的探讨经颅微电流刺激治疗(CES)对轻度抑郁症患者下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平,以及临床症状的影响。方法将86名轻度抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组采用CES方式治疗8周,对照组进行伪刺激。两组在治疗前和治疗后采集血样测定皮质醇(COR)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和BDNF水平;应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和失眠严重程度指数(ISI)评估临床症状变化。结果CES治疗后,研究组COR浓度、HAMA和ISI评分下降(t=-2.0538,-2.5512,-2.7228;P=0.0431,0.0125,0.0079),且明显低于对照组(t=2.3613,2.1188,3.2795;P=0.0205,0.0371,0.0015);其余各项指标变化无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。对照组治疗前后各项指标变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CES治疗引起HPA轴相关激素的血液水平的改变,这可能是其改善焦虑和失眠症状机制之一,但对抑郁症状无明显效果。     

膝关节骨软骨瘤的临床及X线表现——附8例报道

目的本文分析了8例骨软骨瘤的临床及X线表现。方法这8例骨软骨瘤病均经手术病理及X线证实,关节骨软骨瘤病是一种少见的滑膜疾病,大多认为是由关节膜的结缔组织化生形成软骨性,纤维软骨性或骨软骨性小体所致。其基本特征是,股骨下端胫骨上端可见多个骨性突起,随骨骼的生长而移向骨干,背向关节或垂直于骨干生长,外形不一,可呈管状,菜花状,大小不等的类圆形或成团的软骨结节,密度不均。结果临床表现,以青壮年为主,临床上多以股骨下端,胫骨上端为主。此病早期肿瘤较小不宜被发现,以后骨赘增生压迫周围组织引起软组织肿胀,有麻木感,疼痛感,病程长短不一,有时关节可出现交锁现象。结论有人认为此病为自限性疾病无须手术,也有人认为引起关节囊等慢性进行性损伤,应手术治疗。     

经颅微电流刺激治疗对阻抗性抑郁症患者自杀意念及关联性负变的影响

目的:探讨经颅微电流刺激治疗(CES)对治疗阻抗性抑郁症(TRD)患者自杀意念的影响,以及其神经电生理机制.方法:将67名TRD患者随机分为研究组和对照组,采用CES对研究组进行8周治疗.两组患者治疗前和治疗后分别进行Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSICV)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估和事件相关电位关联性负变(CNV)检查.结果:CES治疗后,研究组自杀意念、HAMD得分下降(t=-2.0865,-2.1518;P＜0.05),且自杀意念得分明显低于对照组(t=2.0315,P＜0.05);CNV的M2波幅上升、PINV出现率减少(t=2.3513,P＜0.05;x2=5.0708,P＜0.05),且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.0252,P＜0.05;X2=4.7308,P＜0.05).对照组治疗前后各项指标变化无统计学意义.结论:CES治疗能有效降低TRD患者的自杀意念,其对大脑信息加工过程的影响可能是缓解自杀意念的神经电生理机制之一.