Percepciones y deseos sobre el parto en gestantes a término en Zamora

ObjectiveTo describe perceptions and wishes regarding childbirth in a group of full-term pregnant women in Zamora.MethodQualitative study of phenomenological character. Participants and scope of study: pregnant women (37-38 weeks), Zamora Sur and Santa Elena health centres (Zamora, Spain). Data collection: semi-structured interviews, until data saturation (16 interviews). Data analysis: analysis of thematic content.ResultsThe maternal feelings varied from joy to fear or stress. The interviewees said they did not feel capable of enduring the pain of childbirth. The needs that they felt most important were having support and accompaniment during delivery (especially of their partner) and receiving good treatment from the healthcare workers.ConclusionsThe importance and repercussion of childbirth for women are not only biological, but also largely mental, emotional and social. It is conditioned by multiple factors: maternal feelings, their ability to deal with the pain of childbirth, their needs, the changes they have made, the support they have and the health professionals who care for them.     

Decisions on Inclusion in the Swedish Basic Health Care Package—Roles of Cost-Effectiveness and Need

BACKGROUND: Inclusion or not of a treatment strategy in the publicly financed health care is really a matter of prioritisation. In Sweden priority setting decisions are governed by law in which it is stated that decisions should be guided by firstly the principle of need and secondly the principle of cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the paper is to discuss and illustrate the roles of need and cost-effectiveness in decisions on inclusion or not of treatment strategies in the publicly financed health care. METHODS: The theoretical backgrounds of need and cost-effectiveness are discussed in short, both with respect to their meaning and to their potential roles in decisions on priority setting. Four treatment strategies, Viagra, Rivastigmine, statins, and lung transplants, are analysed with respect to whether either cost-effectiveness or need, or both, seem to have played a role in the decisions of inclusion or not in the basic health care package. RESULTS: Both need and cost-effectiveness are important and should be important aspects when making decisions on priority setting. From the examples of the four treatment strategies it seems that decisions are almost exclusively made with reference to the principle of need. CONCLUSIONS: The most evident conclusion to be drawn from this study is that decisions on priority setting are almost solely based on the principle of need. This implies that the principle of cost-effectiveness is given very little space, which is a problem as this means an obvious risk of inefficient resource use.     

福建客家老年人慢性病患病现状调查：主要人口学特征的差异

目的 探讨福建客家老年人慢性病患病现状及主要人口学特征的差异,为制定和优化慢性病防控策略提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样法对福建省宁化县≥ 60岁客家老年人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征和老年人慢性病患病情况。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行2检验和二元logistic回归分析。结果 共有1262人纳入最终分析样本,福建客家老年人整体慢性病患病率为52.54%,慢性病共患率为21.79%。患病率较高的主要有肥胖（OR = 2.16）、家庭人均年收入15 001 - 30 000元（OR = 1.61）等人群;共患率较高的主要有超重（OR = 3.81）、肥胖（OR = 4.99）、丧偶（OR = 1.63）等人群。慢性病患病率较低的主要有：初中及以上（OR = 0.57）、仅与老伴同住（OR = 0.41）等人群。结论 福建客家老年人患有一种和多种慢性病的比例高,超重、肥胖、未受过教育、独居等老年人患病状况尤为突出。政府、社会、家庭应重点关注以上人群,采取针对性的慢性病控制与管理措施,提高客家老年人整体生命质量。     

Planning for health: the significance of life style

The health of a population is related to more than the volume and quality of health services available. Ischaemic heart diseases and cancers are the main causes of death for adults in most developed countries. Partly, these diseases are related to diet and other life style variables. The purpose of this article is to discuss some prevention possibilities related to health practices. Empirical data were collected by means of a questionnaire on health status and 'life style' among long-standing members of a Swedish popular movement for physical culture. The principal question was what could be learned for health planning and management. Genetic factors have lately come more in focus as an explanation of untimely death and disease while, for example, life style has been de-emphasized. There is a risk, thereby, that a purchaser-provider approach, where short-sighted returns are in focus, will give too low a priority to health promotion.     

Public involvement in health care priority setting: an economic perspective

Background  Public involvement in health care decision making and priority setting in the UK is being promoted by recent policy initiatives. In 1993, the British Medical Association called for public consultation where rationing of services was to be undertaken. The approach to priority setting advocated by many health economists is the maximization of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Typically, for a particular health care programme, the QALY calculation takes account of four features: (1) the number of patients receiving the programme, (2) the survival gain, (3) the gain in quality of life and, (4) the probability of treatment success. Only one feature, that relating to quality of life, is based upon public preferences. If the QALY is to be used as a tool for health care resource allocation at a societal level then it should incorporate broader societal preferences.
Methods  This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions  Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information.     

优势专科建设的效应

通过本院优势专科第一周期建设中取得的绩效,重点阐述了科研、人才培养、社会效应和经济效应等几个方面,充分体现了优势专科建设的必要性和优越性,明确了今后的目标和任务,重视优势专科建设,促进医院医疗水平再上新台阶.     

PREFERENCES FOR THE NORMATIVE BASIS OF HEALTH CARE PRIORITY SETTING: SOME EVIDENCE FROM TWO COUNTRIES

The present paper concerns the criteria people would prefer for prioritising health programmes. It differs from most empirical studies as subjects were not asked about their personal preferences for programmes per se. Rather, they were asked about the principles that should guide the choice of programmes. Four different principles were framed as arguments for alternative programmes. The results from population surveys in Australia and Norway suggest that people are least supportive of the principle that decision makers should follow the stated preferences of the public. Rather, respondents expressed more support for decisions based upon health maximisation, equality and urgency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“一站式”预约系统的设计与研究

目前就诊排队是普遍的社会问题，为提高服务质量，减少候诊时间，设计完成“一站式”预约系统。结合不同检验检查的预约规则、预约模式，建立数学模型，对非抢占有限优先权的预约模式进行结合实际情况的比对分析。在模式设计中，利用简单工厂模式与策略模式相结合的方法，减少代码重用，使系统更加强壮。同时利用数学模型，通过系统给用户一系列的理论值，使用户感受更加直观。理论值与实际情况相比较，进行误差分析，结合门诊预约等多种模式，做到“一站式”预约，即有排队等待的地方就有预约。