园艺互动干预应用于维持性血液透析病人中的效果评价

目的:探讨园艺互动干预应用于维持性血液透析病人中的效果。方法:选择本院收治的行维持性血液透析病人157例,按照入院时间先后顺序分为对照组77例,观察组80例。对照组实施常规干预,观察组实施园艺互动干预。对比两组干预前后心理状态、应对方式、生活质量及总体幸福感变化。结果:观察组干预12周后症状自评量表(SCL-90)各维度评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预12周后积极应对评分高于对照组,消极应对评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量各维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组总体幸福感评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:园艺互动干预应用于维持性血液透析病人可改善心理状态及应对方式,提升生活质量与总体幸福感。     

互动式歌唱表演对轻中度阿尔茨海默病患者抑郁、精神行为和运动训练参与率的影响

目的 观察互动式歌唱表演对轻中度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者抑郁、精神行为症状及运动训练参与率的影响。方法 选取符合入组条件≥60周岁AD患者63例，随机分为研究组（31例）和对照组（32例）。所有受试患者常规药物治疗及常规运动训练，对照组接受被动性音乐治疗，研究组接受以互动歌唱为主的主动性音乐治疗，1次/d，每次1小时，每周训练5天，持续干预6个月。于治疗前、治疗1个月后、治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后分别采用康奈尔痴呆抑郁量表（CSDD）评分、阿尔茨海默病病理行为（BEHAVE AD）评分、参与率进行评估。结果 治疗1个月、3个月后，研究组CSDD评分较治疗前均降低（P<0.05）；治疗6个月后，研究组患者CSDD评分较治疗前、治疗1个月、3个月后均显著降低（P<0.05），且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗1个月、3个月后，研究组BEHAVE AD评分较治疗前均降低（P<0.05）；治疗6个月后，研究组患者BEHAVE AD评分较治疗前、治疗1个月、3个月后均显著降低（P<0.05），且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗6个月后，两组运动训练参与率组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 互动式歌唱表演可能对改善轻中度AD患者的抑郁和精神行为症状有着积极的疗效，同时对提高受试者运动训练的参与率可能有着更积极的疗效。     

On the Edge: a drama‐based mental health education programme on early psychosis for schools

Aims: On the Edge is a mental health education programme designed to support early intervention by increasing knowledge and understanding of early psychosis, reducing the stigma associated with mental health issues and improving awareness of avenues of help. The target audience was young people aged 14–22 years in schools and colleges. Methods: An interactive drama programme was developed through collaborative working across psychiatry, applied drama and those with direct experience of psychosis. A national tour engaged 2500 students in 71 performances that took place in 51 schools and colleges. The programme was evaluated against its aims with data collected both during and after the tour. Results: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation found significant gains with respect to all three aims. Thirty‐one schools developed supportive links with local mental health services. Conclusions: This programme shows the value and effectiveness of delivering health education on early psychosis through the medium of applied drama, and offers a model for a programme that can be incorporated into early intervention services. Lessons learned through delivering this programme are a valuable contribution towards future developments of mental health education programmes for schools.     

动物细胞培养过程中pH和溶氧的关联控制

本文通过对动物细胞培养过程中pH值和溶氧(DO)水平控制要求的分析,设计了用空气、氧气、氮气和二氮化碳四组气体关联控制pH值和DO水平的控制系统。该系统根据对瞬时pH值和DO值参数的检测,通过微处理机进行一系列的逻辑判断和具有PI调节规律的DDC增量词节计算,再经四气体关联互补计算和多重时序控制环节,综合调节四组气体电磁阀的相互开闭时间,实现对培养过程中pH值和DO水平的控制,满足动物细胞生长的需要。     

基于“互联网+”的《临床检验仪器学》虚拟仿真教学实践

《临床检验仪器学》是一门实践性课程,为改变目前教学中实验场地局限、大型自动化检测仪器缺乏等限制,提出《临床检验仪器学》虚拟仿真教学探索思路。本文基于医学检验应用型人才培养目标,形成检验仪器学单个仪器和综合项目训练的虚拟仿真教学设计与管理举措;构建教学效果评价与质量监控的方法,显著提高学生的自主学习能力和综合实践能力;借助互联网共享优势促进医学检验实验教学的内涵建设。     

肝细胞培养过程中酸碱度和溶解氧的关联控制

目的在生物型人工肝支持系统(BAL)中,设计一种能够精确控制溶解氧(D0)与酸碱度(pH)的控制方案.方法根据肝细胞培养过程中所需要的物料衡算,采用比例积分(PI)算法结合开关量控制、预测控制等方案,通过工控机构建关联控制系统,使得D0与pH的值相互关联.结果DO控制范围0%～200%,精度达到±5%;pH控制范围6～8,精度达到±0.05.结论经实验证实,本控制方案工作稳定,无静态误差,解决了培养过程中DO与pH相互影响的问题,可用于BAL中对肝细胞培养环境的控制.     

Development and Evaluation of an Interactive CD-ROM Refusal Skills Program to Prevent Youth Substance Use: “Refuse to Use”

An interactive CD-ROM program designed to reduce adolescent substance use was developed and evaluated. The program uses video vignettes to teach refusal skills and socially acceptable responses to substance use situations, specifically offers of marijuana. In a randomized pretest-to-posttest experiment with 74 public school students from six classes in three high schools, significant changes were observed at posttest on (1) the adolescent's personal efficacy to refuse the offer of marijuana, (2) the adolescent's intention to refuse marijuana if offered, and (3) the adolescent's perceptions of the social norms associated with substance use and the importance of respecting another's decision to refuse a drug offer. In addition, adolescents in the treatment condition were able to recall approximately 50% of the portrayed refusal strategies. Findings are discussed with regard to the potential benefits of an interactive multimedia approach for conducting substance use interventions.     

A Web-Based Interactive Patient-Provider Software Platform Does Not Increase Patient Satisfaction or Decrease Hospital Resource Utilization in Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patients in a Single Large Hospital System

BackgroundWeb-based platforms used to enhance patient-provider communication are being explored to improve patient satisfaction and care delivery, and decrease cost. This study tested a web-based interactive patient-provider software platform (IPSP), JointCOACH, which enabled patient communication with their care team and preparatory/recovery guidance. The aims of this study are to compare (1) patient satisfaction and (2) healthcare resource utilization by patients who underwent total knee and hip replacements and added IPSP to standard of care (SOC).MethodsThis study is a prospective, randomized clinical trial at a single large academic healthcare system. Between May 2018 and March 2020, 399 patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty were randomized to SOC arm (n = 204) or SOC + IPSP arm (n = 195). Patient demographics, surgical details, and comorbidities were collected. Patient satisfaction was assessed using Visual Analog Scale and the Picker Patient Experience-15. Healthcare utilization was measured using length of stay, emergency department and office visits, office calls, readmissions, and reoperations at 30 and 90 days after surgery.ResultsNo difference was found in length of stay between SOC and SOC + IPSP. No differences were found in 30-day or 90-day satisfaction or in healthcare resource utilization (P > .05) including number of office and emergency department visits, phone calls, and readmissions.ConclusionStatistical differences were not found in satisfaction and healthcare utilization with the addition of IPSP to SOC. IPSP can be used to reinforce patient education and communication between the patient and provider, and should be evaluated as an element of virtual care rather than supplementing traditional in-office follow-up.Clinicaltrials.govMore information on this study can be found at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03499028.     

冠状动脉搭桥术后医院感染风险预测模型构建

目的构建冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)后医院感染的风险预测模型。方法选择2017年6月-2020年6月在郑州市第七人民医院接受CABG治疗的冠心病患者121例,根据术后住院期间是否发生医院感染,分为感染组34例和未感染组87例。采集感染患者临床标本进行病原菌分离和鉴定,收集患者年龄、有无糖尿病、血清白蛋白(ALB)、体外循环时间、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、术后气管插管时间和住院时间等。采用Logistic回归和卡方自动交互检测(CHAID)模型分析CABG术后医院感染的危险因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检测模型的预测效能。结果 121例患者CABG术后有34例患者发生医院感染,感染率为28.10%;术后医院感染患者共分离病原菌29株,主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(27.59%)、大肠埃希菌(20.69%)、铜绿假单胞菌(17.24%);Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>60岁、ALB<30 g/L、体外循环时间>120 min、引流管留置时间>7 d、术后气管插管时间>24 h、住院时间>30 d均为CABG术后医院感染的危险因素;CHAID模型分析显示,引流管留置时间、体外循环时间、年龄及术后气管插管时间均为CABG术后医院感染的危险因素,模型预测的准确性为72.70%(P<0.05);ROC分析显示,Logistic回归模型预测医院感染的AUC为0.808,显著高于CHAID模型预测的0.640(P<0.05)。结论 Logistic回归模型可以有效预测CABG术后医院感染的发生,CHAID模型可以显示各变量的相互关系,可与Logistic回归模型互补应用于临床风险因素分析。     

The Effects of Social Interactive Training on Early Social Communicative Skills of Children with Autism

Growing attention has been directed at the relation between early social communicative skills of children with autism and subsequent development of these children's social and communicative functioning. We reviewed 16 empirical studies that investigated the effects of social interactive interventions designed to increase early social communicative skills of young children with autism by increasing their role as initiator of social interactions. To identify factors relating to treatment effectiveness, we analyzed studies in relation to participant characteristics, settings, target behaviors, training methods, and results. To determine durability of treatment, we analyzed generalization effects across persons, settings, stimuli, and time. Increases were found for social and affective behaviors, nonverbal and verbal communication, eye contact, joint attention, and imitative play. Limited generalization or maintenance of target behaviors was reported. Findings are discussed in relation to critical variables that may relate to treatment effectiveness in future research and practice efforts.