血液肿瘤患者化疗后肛周感染危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的危险因素。方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究的方法,对四川省某三级甲等医院血液内科2020年12月—2021年5月收治的进行化疗的348例血液肿瘤住院患者相关资料（人口学特征、疾病特征、医疗及护理病例记录、实验室检查结果）予以回顾性分析,根据出院诊断发生肛周感染的病例作为病例组,其余病例作为对照组,统计血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率,采用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析肛周感染的危险因素。结果 348例血液肿瘤化疗患者,发生肛周感染35例,感染率为10.1%;Logistic回归分析显示,年龄<60岁（OR=8.776,P=0.039）、痔疮史（OR=7.733,P<0.001）、肛周感染史（OR=14.981,P<0.001）、腹泻（OR=3.893,P=0.019）及白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L（OR=6.851,P=0.002）是血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的独立危险因素。结论 血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率较高,年龄<60岁、痔疮史、肛周感染史、腹泻、白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L导致血液肿瘤化疗患者肛周感染率增加,在护理化疗期的血液肿瘤患者过程中,应该结合肛周感染的危险因素,采取针对性干预措施,降低肛周感染发生率。     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases the 5-year overall survival of patients with resectable cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cervical cancer is a global health challenge in women. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a recent prospect for alternative cervical cancer treatments. This study investigated the efficacy of NACT against resectable cervical cancer based on the medium and long-term survival of patients with the disease. We searched through PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library for relevant reports published by June 2020. The primary outcomes were 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with resectable cervical cancer. Overall, 22 publications encompassing 5627 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found NACT not to affect both 3-year PFS and OS as well as 5-year PFS of patients with resectable cervical cancer. However, NACT significantly improves the 5-year OS of patients with resectable cervical cancer (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, p = 0.013). Subgroup analysis (RCTs, non-RCTs, NACT + surgery + AT vs. surgery + AT, NACT + surgery + AT vs. CCRT/RT/CRT) further revealed NACT had no significant effect on 5-year PFS of patients with resectable cervical cancer, converse to the 5-year OS subgroup analysis, which validated the beneficial effect of NACT in patients with resectable cervical cancer. In addition, the effect of NACT was most significant in the non-RCTs subgroup (p = 0.012). NACT may improve the long-term prognosis of patients with resectable cervical cancer. However, further large-scale multicenter studies are needed to validate this finding.     

Predictors of survival following surgical resection of limited-stage small cell lung cancer

BackgroundAdjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative radiation (PORT), and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) have been individually examined in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There is a paucity of data on the effectiveness of each adjuvant treatment modality when used in combination after surgical resection of SCLC.MethodsData were collected from 5 cancer centers on all patients with limited-stage SCLC who underwent surgical resection between 1986 and 2019. Univariate and multivariable models were conducted to identify predictors of long-term outcomes, focusing on freedom from recurrence and survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, PORT, and PCI.ResultsA total of 164 patients were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis did not identify any adjuvant therapies to significantly influence recurrence in this cohort. Specifically, PORT was not associated with a significant influence on locoregional recurrence and PCI was not significantly associated with intracranial outcomes. Adjuvant chemotherapy improved survival in all stage I through III disease (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.81; P = .005) and even in pathologically node negative patients (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.91; P = .024). Although PCI was found to improve survival in univariate analysis, it was not significant in a multivariable model. PORT was not found to affect survival on either univariate or multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThis is among the largest multi-institutional studies on surgically resected limited-stage SCLC. Our results highlight survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, but did not identify a statistically significant influence from mediastinal PORT or PCI in our cohort. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the benefit of PORT or PCI in a surgically resected limited-stage SCLC population.     

A multi-institutional analysis of Textbook Outcomes among patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal surface malignancies

BackgroundWhile recent studies have introduced the composite measure of a textbook outcome (TO) for measuring postoperative outcomes, the incidence of a TO has not been characterized among patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM).Study designAll patients who underwent CRS ± hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) between 1999 and 2017 from 12 institutions were included. A TO was defined as the absence of any of the following criteria: completeness of cytoreduction >1, reoperation within 90-days, readmission within 90-days, mortality within 90-days, any grade ≥2 complication, hospital stay >75th percentile, and non-home discharge.ResultsAmong 1904 patients who underwent CRS, only 30.9% achieved a TO while 69.1% failed to achieve a TO most commonly because of postoperative complications. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with achieving a TO were age <65 years (OR: 1.5), albumin ≥3.5 g/dl (OR: 5.7), receipt of HIPEC (OR: 4.5), PCI ≤14 (OR: 2.2), intravenous fluid volume ≤10,000 ml (OR: 2.1), blood loss ≤1000 ml (OR: 4.2) and operative time <7 h (OR: 1.9); while receipt of neoadjuvant therapy (OR: 0.7) and liver resection (OR: 0.4) were associated with not achieving a TO (all p < 0.05). TO was associated with improved overall survival (median 159 months vs 56 months, p < 0.01) even after controlling for confounders on Cox regression (hazard ratio: 2.5, p < 0.01).ConclusionAmong patients undergoing CRS ± HIPEC for PSM, failure to achieve a TO is common and independently associated with worse overall survival.     

胃癌腹膜转移病人腹腔化疗港并发症发生及危险因素分析

目的:分析腹腔化疗港并发症发生及相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院323例放置腹腔化疗港病人的临床资料,纳入261例胃癌腹膜转移病人。分析腹腔化疗港在胃癌腹膜转移病人腹腔化疗时发生的并发症及其危险因素。结果:261例中59例(22.6%)发生化疗港相关并发症。其中,皮下积液(25例,42.4%)和化疗港感染(16例,27.1%)是发生较多的并发症。其他是港体倾斜翻转(9例,15.3%),化疗港局部切口裂开(7例,11.9%),导管堵塞(1例,1.7%),和皮下转移(1例,1.7%)。化疗港并发症发生的中位时间为化疗港放置后3.0个月。结合Clavien-Dindo分级方法,将化疗港发生的并发症分为1~4个等级。ECOG评分、血清白蛋白水平、置港流程优化及专业团队放置为化疗港并发症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ECOG评分为唯一影响并发症分级的关联因素(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔化疗港在胃癌腹膜转移病人腹腔化疗中的应用安全可行,发生并发症可控。ECOG评分、血清白蛋白水平、置港方式是否优化及是否专业团队放置为化疗港并发症发生的独立危险因素。     

Diffusion-weighted MRI and PET/CT reproducibility in epithelial ovarian cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

PurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)-Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer.Materials and methodsTen women (median age, 67 years; range: 41.8–77.3 years) with stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancers were included in this prospective trial (NCT02792959) between 2014 and 2016. All underwent initial laparoscopic staging, four cycles of carboplatine-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery. PET/CT and DW-MRI were performed at baseline (C0), after one cycle (C1) and before surgery (C4). Two nuclear physicians and two radiologists assessed five anatomic sites for the presence of ≥ 1 lesion. Target lesions in each site were defined and their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), maximal standardized uptake value (SUV-max), SUV-mean, SUL-peak, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were monitored (i.e., 10 patients × 5 sites × 3 time-points). Their relative early and late changes were calculated. Intra/inter-observer reproducibilities of qualitative and quantitative analysis were estimated with Kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsFor both modalities, inter- and intra-observer agreement percentages were excellent for initial staging but declined later for DW-MRI, leading to lower Kappa values for inter- and intra-observer variability (0.949 and 1 at C0, vs. 0.633 and 0.643 at C4, respectively) while Kappa values remained > 0.8 for PET/CT. Inter- and intra-observer ICCs were > 0.75 for SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their change regardless the time-point. ADC showed lower ICCs (range: 0.013–0.811). ANOVA found significant influences of the evaluation time, the measurement used (ADC, SUV-max, SUV-mean, SUV-max, SUL-peak, MTV or TLG) and their interaction on ICC values (P = 0.0023, P< 0.0001 and P =0.0028, respectively).ConclusionWhile both modalities demonstrated high reproducibility at baseline, only SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their changes maintained high reproducibility during chemotherapy.