Densities in dependent lung regions during anaesthesia: atelectasis or fluid accumulation?

In previous studied with computed tomography (CT) prior to and during general anaesthesia, we found that densities developed in dependent parts of the lungs immediately after induction of anaesthesia in all examined patients. It was suggested that the densities were atelectases created by compression of lung tissue but an alternative explanation could be accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung tissue and/or in the pleural space. In the present study the nature of the densities was analysed in further detail. Injections of contrast medium into the pleural space revealed that the densities were located in the lung tissue and not in the pleural space. By injecting contrast medium intravenously and repeating the CT scanning over a 2-min period the passage of contrast through the major vessels and the lung densities could be studied. The transit time of the contrast medium was of the same magnitude in the densities and the major lung vessels. This indicates that there were no regions with an increased amount of extravascular fluid to delay the contrast passage. These findings oppose the idea of fluid accumulation as the cause of the densities, while atelectasis remains the most plausible explanation.     

纤维支气管镜对右中叶肺不张的诊治价值(附50例报告)

目的：探讨应用纤维支气管镜检查术在右中叶肺不张诊断和治疗中的价值。方法：对50例右中叶肺不张患者应用纤维支气管镜进行诊断和治疗。结果：50例右中叶肺不张中非特异性炎症29例、肺癌12例、结核3例、异物1例、未确定诊断5例，总确诊率90％(45／50)；50例中33例经纤维支气管镜直视下局部治疗后复张，有效率66％(33／50)，术后未见严重并发症。结论：纤维支气管镜对右中叶肺不张有一定的临床诊断和治疗价值。     

电子支气管镜诊断肺不张的临床研究

目的 探讨电子支气管镜(EBS)在肺不张诊断中的作用.方法对经EBS确诊的105例肺不张患者进行分析总结.结果 肺不张病因以肺癌最常见,其次是炎症、结核;上肺肺不张以肺癌及结核多见,下肺肺不张以炎症居多;青年组以炎症最多见,中年组及老年组以肺癌较多;肺癌患者镜下表现以管腔新生物多见,炎症以管腔狭窄、充血水肿多见,结核以管壁浸润及管腔狭窄、充血水肿多见.结论 EBS检查在肺不张患者病因诊断中具有重要意义,为肺不张确定病因,明确诊断提供了重要的依据.     

Imaging assessment of rounded atelectasis: A pictorial essay

Rounded atelectasis is an increasingly recognized but under‐diagnosed and sometimes misdiagnosed pulmonary entity. This pictorial essay will present a broad range of examples of rounded atelectasis across different imaging modalities with inclusion of typical and atypical presentations. These examples will highlight imaging features that allow confident diagnosis and those that warrant further management, such as imaging surveillance, alternate imaging or invasive procedures for histological evaluation.     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎合并肺不张预后不良危险因素分析

目的 探讨儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)合并肺不张预后不良危险因素分析。方法 2018年1月-2020年1月在我院儿科住院治疗的MPP合并肺不张患儿126例,根据预后分组,肺不张未痊愈患儿61例为观察组,痊愈65例为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)测定血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血C反应蛋白(CRP)、干扰素(IFN)-γ水平。结果 患儿MPP合并肺不张部位,以右中叶肺不张占比31.96%为最高;其次右上叶肺不张占比23.71%;观察组年龄、治疗时间、病变部位、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、血清CRP、血清IFN-γ水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 血清IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、血清IFN-γ水平均与MPP合并肺不张预后不良的发生相关。     

Hallazgos iniciales en la radiografía de tórax como predictores de empeoramiento en la infección pulmonar por SARS-CoV-2. Correlación en 265 pacientes

Background and aimsWe aimed to analyze the relationship between the initial chest X-ray findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and eventual clinical worsening and to compare three systems of quantifying these findings.Material and methodsThis retrospective study reviewed the clinical and radiological evolution of 265 adult patients with COVID-19 attended at our center between March 2020 and April 2020. We recorded data related to patients’ comorbidities, hospital stay, and clinical worsening (admission to the ICU, intubation, and death). We used three scoring systems taking into consideration 6 or 8 lung fields (designated 6 A, 6 B, and 8) to quantify lung involvement in each patient's initial abnormal chest X-ray and to classify its severity as mild, moderate, or severe, and we compared these three systems. We also recorded the presence of alveolar opacities and linear opacities (fundamentally linear atelectasis) in the first chest X-ray with pathologic findings.ResultsIn the χ2 analysis, moderate or severe involvement in the three classification systems correlated with hospital admission (p = 0.009 in 6 A, p = 0.001 in 6 B, and p = 0.001 in 8) and with death (p = 0.02 in 6 A, p = 0.01 in 6 B, and p = 0.006 in 8). In the regression analysis, the most significant associations were 6 B with alveolar involvement (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.1.–4.7; p = 0.025;) and 8 with alveolar involvement (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.01.–4.25; p = 0.046). No differences were observed in the ability of the three systems to predict clinical worsening by classifications of involvement in chest X-rays as moderate or severe.ConclusionModerate/severe extension in the three chest X-ray scoring systems evaluating the extent of involvement over 6 or 8 lung fields and the finding of alveolar opacities in the first abnormal X-ray correlated with mortality and the rate of hospitalization in the patients studied. No significant difference was found in the predictive ability of the three classification systems proposed.     

超声引导下肺复张对纵膈肿瘤切除术后肺部并发症的影响

胸腔镜技术由于创伤小、恢复快成为纵膈肿瘤切除术常规术式。单肺通气(one-lung venti-lation,OLV)有效实现肺隔离,已在胸腔镜中广泛使用。OLV时,萎陷侧肺因炎症因子释放、淋巴循环中断及缺血再灌注等造成肺损伤[1];而高氧流量及过度灌注也可能使对侧肺发生肺不张[2-3]。     

Risk factors of middle lobe bronchus kinking following right upper lobectomy

BackgroundThe incidence rate of kinking of the middle lobe bronchus following right upper lobectomy is higher compared to that with residual lung bronchus following other lobectomies. Bronchial kinking was presumed to be caused by the displacement of the residual lung lobes, but its etiology is unclear. Moreover, prevention methods and effective treatments have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors and etiology of middle lobe bronchus kinking and discuss prevention methods.MethodsPatients who underwent right upper lobectomy in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Patient clinical characteristics, lung function, and lung lobe volume, surgical procedure were analyzed in association with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking. The association between the displacement of residual lung lobes after operation and the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking was analyzed to assess the etiology.ResultsA total of 175 patients were enrolled in the risk analysis. Middle lobe bronchus kinking was observed in 5 patients (2.9%). The low percentage of forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 second (P=0.021), the low volume ratio of the right middle lobe (RML) to the right thoracic cavity (RTC) (P=0.016), and the low volume ratio of RML to right upper lobe (RML/RUL) (P=0.006) were significant risk factors of middle lobe bronchus kinking. In the patients who underwent CT at 6 months after surgery, the degree of the cranial displacement of RML was associated with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking (P=0.025).ConclusionsThe risk of middle lobe bronchus kinking could be assessed preoperatively by calculating the volume ratio of RML/RTC and RML/RUL. The displacement of RML could be associated with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking.     

纤维支气管镜下行肺灌洗在治疗创伤性肺不张的临床应用价值

目的探究纤维支气管镜下行肺灌洗在治疗创伤性肺不张的临床应用价值。方法对照组给予常规对症支持治疗及经鼻导管吸痰治疗,观察组在对症支持治疗基础上给予纤维支气管镜下行肺灌洗治疗,观察对比两组临床疗效及术后并发症。结果观察组总有效率为95．6％,明显高于对照组的66．7％（P〈0．05）;1次经纤维支气管镜即可达到肺复张者27例（60．0％）;两组患者治疗过程中均未发生严重并发症。结论对创伤性肺不张患者行纤维支气管镜下行肺灌洗治疗,可有效解除气道堵塞,促进肺复张,改善临床预后。