Effect of interferon alpha,interferon beta,and interferon gamma on the in vitro growth of human renal adenocarcinoma cells

Interferon-, interferon-, and interferon- differ in their antiproliferative effects for several cell lines. Interferons were thus assessed for their activity in inhibiting proliferation of three renal cell carcinoma cell lines. The malignant epithelial phenotype of each of these cell lines was confirmed by electron microscopy, histology, karyotype and tumorigenicity. When compared on an anti-viral unit basis, naturally produced interferon- was more effective than natural interferon- for all cell lines and clones. Proliferation of each of the cell lines was inhibited by interferon-. In all cases, removal of interferons from culture media resulted in resumption of the rate of cell growth after a variable delay of 6–10 days. If the antiproliferative effects of interferons predominate in mediating tumor regression, clinical response may depend upon the type of interferon to which the tumor is exposed.     

氧化应激在鱼藤素致SH-SY5Y细胞神经毒性中的作用

目的研究氧化应激与鱼藤素致神经毒性的相关性,为后续鱼藤素的结构改造和联合用药提供机制基础。方法将鱼藤素(1.56~100μmol·L-1)与SH-SY5Y细胞共孵育培养24~72 h,采用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率;比色法测定乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)漏出量、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPx)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活力;流式细胞术检测活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量;免疫印迹法检测细胞中MEK、EGF、RAS、CREB蛋白的表达情况。结果鱼藤素对SH-SY5Y细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈浓度和时间依赖性(P<0.05)。鱼藤素损伤细胞后,LDH漏出量、MDA和ROS含量明显增加,GPx和SOD的活力下降(P<0.05)。同时MAPK/ERK信号通路中MEK、EGF、RAS、CREB蛋白水平出现不同程度的下调。结论鱼藤素致SH-SY5Y神经细胞的损伤与氧化应激密切相关,MAPK/ERK信号通路可能在其中起介导作用。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Millepachine Amino Acid Prodrugs With Enhanced Solubility as Antitumor Agents

A series of amino acid derivatives of millepachine were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their solubility and antiproliferation ability against tumor. The glycine derivative compound 7a exhibited the best potency and possessed long‐term inhibitory capability on cell viability. It was also confirmed that 7a could arrest the cell cycle at G₂/M phase and trigger apoptosis. Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed antitubulin property of 7a , which is consistent with the previously reported derivatives of millepachine. In vivo, 7a suppressed tumor growth in an MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft tumor model. In summary, the exploit of 7a was a successful approach directed by the concept of generating amino acid prodrugs with increased bioavailability.     

水溶性壳聚糖对肝癌细胞生长抑制的实验研究

目的 观察壳聚糖对肝癌细胞SMMC7721的生长抑制作用.方法 采用MTT法研究了不同浓度水溶性壳聚糖对肝癌细胞株SMMC7721的生长抑制作用.结果 水溶性壳聚糖可抑制肝癌细胞的生长,在一定范围内(50～400mg/L)呈剂量依赖关系.结论 水溶性壳聚糖对肝癌细胞的生长有抑制,并且呈剂量依赖关系.     

姜黄素对晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的探讨姜黄素（Cur）对表皮生长因子（EGF）诱导的牛晶状体上皮细胞（LEC）增殖的抑制作用及其量效与时效关系。方法MTT测定不同浓度的Cur作用于牛LEC不同时间后细胞增殖的情况，流式细胞术（FCM）检测不同浓度的Cur作用于牛LEC不同时间后增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达状况。结果（1）MTT法结果表明，高、中、低不同浓度的Cur作用24h后，其增殖抑制率分别为66．65％、22．43％、8．72％，呈明显的剂量-效应关系，20mg／L的Cur作用6、12、24、48、72h后，其增殖抑制率分别为9．97％、19．81％、22．43％、41．67％、81．59％，呈明显的时间-效应关系。（2）FCM检测表明，Cur对LEC内PCNA蛋白表达有明显的下调作用，也呈明显的时间-效应关系和剂量-效应关系。结论Cur能有效抑制EGF诱导的LEC增殖，可望成为防治后发性白内障的理想药物。     

Antiproliferative effects of low molecular weight heparin

AIM: To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) on the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia (IH) developing in prosthetic vascular patch graft implanted into sheep carotid artery. METHODS: A gelatin sealed Dacron patch graft was implanted into the common carotid artery of sheep, which were then allocated to a control group (n = 10) or to one of four treatment groups (each group n = 10) receiving either a low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) of one of two LMWH (enoxaparin 1 or 2 mg/kg/day, dalteparin 100 or 200 units/kg/day) administered subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Anti-activated factor X and activated partial thromboplastin time were assayed from blood collected prior to and at 1 and 2 h after LMWH administration on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Animals were killed on day 28 after taking blood samples prior to, then at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h following the last injection. Grafts were collected for analysis and measurements of intimal thickness obtained under light microscopy from eight transverse sections of each grafted artery aided by computer image analysis. An IH index was calculated by dividing the area of IH (mm2) by the width of the graft (mm). RESULTS: Intimal hyperplasia index measurements (mean +/- SD) were: controls 0.574 +/- 0.077, LD enoxaparin 0.471 +/- 0.056, LD dalteparin 0.404 +/- 0.025, HD enoxaparin 0.398 +/- 0.068, HD dalteparin 0.332 +/- 0.048. The reductions in IH index compared to controls were significant (P < 0.05) for both LD and HD dalteparin and for HD enoxaparin. CONCLUSION: Both LMWH dalteparin and enoxaparin reduced the amount of IH formation with dalteparin showing a greater effect in the present animal study. The possibility that different LMWH might exert differing antiproliferative effects requires further investigation.     

具“异病同治”作用回乳抑增方组方优化及其量效关系分析

目的：以药效实验优化回乳抑增方,用量效关系解释其最佳药味组成。方法：利用高泌乳素血症大鼠模型,再次验证最佳组方对泌乳素、雌激素和孕激素的调节作用,应用HPLC法测定各拆方中6种药效成分含量,比较各拆方药理作用优劣与方中主要药效物质含量差异的关联。结果：与模型组比较,原方与优化方均可使泌乳素（PRL）明显降低,雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）显著升高,其中对PRL、E2、P的改变作用以优化方最为明显（P<0.01）。优化方中的玄参、浙贝母在不影响迷迭香酸含量的同时还能保证大麦芽碱的溶出,药味之间存在增效现象。而其他各组药味配伍均能影响君药中大麦芽碱和迷迭香酸的溶出。结论：优化方药味组成合理,方中主要药效物质含量较大,药效作用最佳。     

Bioactive Triterpenes from the Root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a well‐known medicinal herb in the oriental medicine. The current study on bioactive triterpenoid in the root of S. miltiorrhiza led to the isolation of a new highly hydroxylated ursane‐type triterpene, urs‐12‐ene‐2α,3β,7β,16α‐tetraol (1) and five known ones including 2β‐hydroxypomolic acid (2), maslinic acid (3), asiatic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), and oleanolic acid (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The antiproliferative testing against HL‐60 cells revealed that the new compound 1 and ursolic acid (5) showed weak and moderate activities with IC₅₀ values of 42.2 and 11.7 μM. In addition, compounds 1–3 showed inhibitory effect on ghrelin activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.