沉默TRIM23基因抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖

目的 探讨TRIM23基因对骨肉瘤细胞增殖能力的影响.方法 应用Western blot实验检测TRIM23基因在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达;应用shRNA质粒转染骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS,通过MTT与平板克隆形成实验评估细胞增殖能力;应用Westernblot实验检测U2OS细胞Akt/P53/P21通路的表达改变.结果 TRIM23蛋白在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达高于成骨细胞;沉默TRIM23基因可以抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖能力;沉默TRIM23基因下调P-Akt表达,但总Akt的表达无明显改变,上调P53与P21的表达.结论 TRIM23在骨肉瘤细胞中表达升高,TRIM23能通过调节Akt/P53/P21通路影响骨肉瘤细胞的增殖.     

Expression of TRIM22 mRNA in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs

Hepatitis C is a global public health problem, and Pakistan is the second largest country in the globe with highest prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Until 2014, pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) has been the standard therapy for HCV, however, owing to its adverse side effects and very low sustained virologic response (SVR) rates therapeutics trend is shifted toward direct-acting antivirals. Tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22) is a dynamic antiviral protein that can inhibit multiple viruses in vivo. Expression of TRIM22 mRNA has been linked to outcome of PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy, where its higher expression leads to rapid virus clearance. However, in terms of therapy with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) or double DAA, impact of TRIM22 expression is largely unknown. These new drugs show more than 90% of SVR rates and lesser side effects and have proven to be better than IFN therapy. Endogenous IFN system suppresses various pathogens through the induction of antiviral effectors termed as interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs). We have studied the expression levels of one of these antiviral effectors, TRIM22 in response to sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in combination with RBV, using quantitative PCR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCV-infected patients. We have observed sustained virus clearance in more than 90% of patients treated with DAA and double DAA and have seen the expression of TRIM22 to be higher in patients who attained SVR as compared to the untreated patients. We have also observed downregulation of TRIM22 in patients who failed to attain rapid virus clearance, and upregulation in those who achieved rapid clearance of virus. Genetic factors that determine the lower TRIM22 expression in these patients are needed to be explored that may also play a role in lower response to anti-HCV therapy. Endogenous IFN system and effects of antiviral proteins in response to DAA therapy is needed to be studied in order to better understand the host response toward these drugs to make them more effective.     

Additive effects of CD59 expression in Gal knockout mice in vitro but not in an ex vivo model

Abstract: Transgenic expression of the human complement regulatory molecule CD59 in mice and genetic deletion of the major xenoantigen galactose α 1,3 galactose (Gal KO) each resulted in partial protection of spleen cells from lysis by human serum. These protective effects were additive when the two genetic modifications were combined. However, when the effects of these genetic modifications were examined in an ex vivo model in which mouse hearts were perfused with human plasma, it was Gal KO which was the modification which determined protection. CD59 expression alone was not protective and CD59 expression in combination with Gal knockout did not result in a significant additional increase in protection over and above that provided by Gal knockout alone. The likely explanation for this discrepancy between the in vitro and ex vivo data is that the H2-K^b promoter used to drive CD59 expression results I in substantially less expression on endothelium than on spleen cells.     

异种移植动物模型-转人CD59 cDNA首建小鼠的培育

目的　培育转人CD5 9cDNA首建小鼠 ,以进一步研究异种移植 ,并为建立鼠系奠定基础。方法　构建转基因结构pEGFP -C1-OMT -CD5 9,限制性内切酶切除质粒载体 ,回收、纯化包括人CD5 9cDNA、绿色荧光蛋白(greenfluorescentprotein ,GFP)基因及各自启动子的约 3 .3kb的基因片段 ,用显微注射法将此片段注入小鼠受精卵 ;提取F0 代小鼠尾组织DNA ,用PCR法初选 ,再用Southern杂交法对PCR阳性鼠进一步筛选 ,确定阳性转基因首建小鼠。结果　共注射 5 90枚受精卵 ,移植于 2 4只受体母鼠中 ,出生F0 代小鼠 73只 ;PCR初选有 8只呈阳性(6♂∶2♀ ) ,Southern杂交有 2只呈阳性 (1♂∶1♀ ) ;经粗略估算 ,整合外源基因拷贝数分别为 3和 10。结论　成功地培育出转人CD5 9cDNA首建小鼠 ,用PCR和Southern杂交法证实了外源片段的整合     

Cluster of TRIM genes in the human MHC class I region sharing the B30.2 domain

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a region of high gene density, contains a large number of genes relevant to the immune response, belonging to different multigenic families. We studied the genomic organization and polymorphism of a set of genes in the MHC class I region containing the tripartite motif (TRIM), consisting of a RING domain, B-box and coiled coil region, and a B30.2-like domain. A cluster of seven genes at 6p21.33 and two related family members telomeric of the cluster were characterized. All MHC-encoded TRIM-B30.2 genes showed moderate levels of polymorphism, affecting predominantly the RING and B-box domains. In terms of structure, the genes varied by the loss of partial and, in some cases, complete domains. They were strongly conserved in exons 2, 3 and 4, which form the coiled-coil region. The last exon, encoding the B30.2-like domain, is shared with the otherwise unrelated butyrophilin-like (BTN) genes, located 4.3 Mb telomeric of the TRIM-B30.2 cluster. The data are consistent with multiple, ancient duplications giving rise to a set of related genes.     

血液透析对转化生长因子β1及补体调节蛋白CD59基因表达的影响

目的　研究不同透析膜对维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者外周血转化生长因子 β1及补体调节蛋白CD5 9活性表达的影响。方法　通过流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附法测定长期采用铜仿膜 (CU)与聚砜膜 (PSU)透析患者外周血TGF β1水平及CD5 9活性表达。结果　MHD患者血浆TGF β1水平明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中CU组为 (81.7± 8.7)ng mL ;PSU组为 (6 4 .3±8.3)ng mL ,与正常对照组 (49.3± 6 .1)ng mL相比均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ;而PSU组与CU组相比 ,外周血TGF β1水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。CD5 9在正常人外周血单个核细胞中无表达 ,而在尿毒症未透析组及血透组均有表达 ,其中未透析组表达较低 ,而血透组表达较高 ,CU膜血透组较PSU血透组表达要高 (P <0 .0 5 )。经相关分析结果显示 :CU组与PSU组内TGF β1水平与CD5 9表达均呈现良好的相关性 (r=0 .6 4 0 9与 0 .5 83,P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　血液透析通过血液 透析膜间相互反应可活化补体 ,诱导外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)合成TGF β1增多 ,而增高的TGF β1水平可上调CD5 9基因表达 ,抑制补体异常活化造成的细胞破坏 ,对机体具有代偿性保护意义。然而不同透析膜如CU和PSU对MHD患者TGF β1与CD5 9的影响有所不同 ,这些变化与透析膜的生物相容性有关     

TRIM5alpha association with cytoplasmic bodies is not required for antiretroviral activity

The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein, TRIM5alpha, restricts infection by particular retroviruses. Many TRIM proteins form cytoplasmic bodies of unknown function. We investigated the relationship between cytoplasmic body formation and the structure and antiretroviral activity of TRIM5alpha. In addition to diffuse cytoplasmic staining, the TRIM5alpha proteins from several primate species were located in cytoplasmic bodies of different sizes; by contrast, TRIM5alpha from spider monkeys did not form cytoplasmic bodies. Despite these differences, all of the TRIM5alpha proteins exhibited the ability to restrict infection by particular retroviruses. Treatment of cells with geldanamycin, an Hsp90 inhibitor, resulted in disappearance or reduction of the TRIM5alpha-associated cytoplasmic bodies, yet exerted little effect on the restriction of retroviral infection. Studies of green fluorescent protein-TRIM5alpha fusion proteins indicated that no TRIM5alpha domain is specifically required for association with cytoplasmic bodies. Apparently, the formation of cytoplasmic bodies is not required for the antiretroviral activity of TRIM5alpha.