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1.
Access to and delivery of quality mental health services remains challenging in rural and remote Canada. To improve access, services, and support providers, improved understanding is needed about nurses who identify mental health as an area of practice. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics and context of practice of registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and registered psychiatric nurses (RPNs) in rural and remote Canada, who provide care to those experiencing mental health concerns. Data were from a pan-Canadian cross-sectional survey of 3822 regulated nurses in rural and remote areas. Individual and work community characteristics, practice responsibilities, and workplace factors were analysed, along with responses to open-ended questions. Few nurses identified mental health as their sole area of practice, with the majority of those being RPNs employed in mental health or crisis centres, and general or psychiatric hospitals. Nurses who indicated that mental health was only one area of their practice were predominantly employed as generalists, often working in both hospital and primary care settings. Both groups experienced moderate levels of job resources and demands. Over half of the nurses, particularly LPNs, had recently experienced and/or witnessed violence. Persons with mental health concerns in rural and remote Canada often receive care from those for whom mental health nursing is only part of their everyday practice. Practice and education supports tailored for generalist nurses are, therefore, essential, especially to support nurses in smaller communities, those at risk of violence, and those distant from advanced referral centres.  相似文献   
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目的编制农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求评估问卷,并检验其信效度。方法以奥马哈问题分类系统为理论框架,综合文献回顾形成问卷条目池,对18名专家进行2轮Delphi专家函询形成预试问卷。对河南省213名农村居家失能老年人进行调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果探索性因子分析共提取6个公因子29个条目,包括健康档案、身体评估、心理健康、医疗环境、健康知识、智慧养老,累积方差贡献率为72.992%;条目内容效度指数为0.889~1.000,平均内容效度为0.975。问卷Cronbach′sα系数为0.897,折半信度为0.876,重测信度为0.902。结论农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求评估问卷具有良好的信度及效度,可作为评价农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求的有效工具。  相似文献   
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BackgroundRural communities experience a lack of pediatric mental health providers. It is unclear if this leads to greater unmet needs for specialty mental health services among rural children.MethodsData from the 2016–2019 National Survey of Children's Health were used to identify children aged 6–17 years with a mental health condition. Caregiver-reported need and receipt of specialty mental health care for their child (met need, unmet need, or no need) was compared according to residence in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).ResultsThe analysis included 13,021 children (14% living outside MSAs). Unmet need for mental health services was reported for 9% of children, with no difference by rural-urban residence (p = 0.940). Multivariable analysis confirmed this finding and identified urban children as less likely to have no need for mental health services, compared to rural children (relative risk ratio of no need vs. met need: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.95; p = 0.015).ConclusionChildren with mental health conditions living in rural areas (outside MSAs) did not have higher rates of unmet needs for specialty mental health services, but they had lower rates of any caregiver-reported needs for such services. Further work is needed to examine caregivers’ demand for pediatric specialty mental health services.  相似文献   
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Objective

To collaboratively implement the age-friendly health systems framework, known as the 4Ms: What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility, at The Primary Health Network (PHN), a federally qualified health center.

Data Sources

Data were collected from PHN electronic medical records (EMRs) for individuals over age 65 from December 30, 2019 to December 24, 2021 and from Project ECHO© attendance and evaluation surveys.

Study Design

The telementoring educational program, Project ECHO©, was used to engage PHN health care professionals working in rural areas of Pennsylvania to incorporate the 4Ms into their practice starting with the annual wellness visit (AWV). Project ECHO© was launched at three primary care sites. After 18 months, it was then disseminated to an additional 18 sites creating pilot and comparison groups. Outcomes included codesigned patient process metrics using EMR data and project ECHO© participant data.

Data Collection Methods

EMR data were generated by system reports created by PHN's quality assurance program manager. Project ECHO© data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Outcomes were aggregated, analyzed for trends over time, and compared between groups.

Principal Findings

All nine process outcomes increased from baseline to follow-up at the three initial sites, ranging from 4% to 43% g. At year two, the three initial sites had higher rates on AWVs (pilot 24%, comparison 12%; p < 0.0001), Advance Care Planning (New on file, pilot 8%, comparison 2%; Discussed with patient, pilot 18%, comparison 13%; Patient declined, pilot 0%, comparison 0%; p = 0.0001), Dementia Screening (pilot 24%, comparison 12%; p < 0.0001), Fall Risk Management (pilot 43%, comparison 10%; p < 0.0001), and Mobility Goal (pilot 19%, comparison 9%; p < 0.0001); and lower rates on High-Risk Medication Elimination (pilot 54%, comparison, 63%, p < 0.02).

Conclusions

Access to high-quality geriatric care for rural older adults can be improved by increasing health care professionals' knowledge of the 4Ms, beginning with its incorporation into the AWV.  相似文献   
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目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人的抑郁症状及影响因素的差异。方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,纳入2 911名空巢老人,运用χ2检验及二分类logistic回归分析城乡空巢老人抑郁影响因素及差异。结果 我国空巢老人抑郁状况得分为(9.1±6.8),抑郁发生率为36.4%;农村空巢老人抑郁发生率(39.9%)高于城市空巢老人(26.2%)。女性、低文化水平、低夜间睡眠时间、与子女见面频率低、自评健康差、躯体疼痛、活动受限是城乡空巢老人抑郁的共同危险因素。有社会参与( OR =0.673,95% CI :0.423~0.959, P =0.031)是城市空巢老人特有的保护因素;吸烟( OR =1.491,95% CI :1.110~2.004, P =0.008)、患慢性病( OR =1.349,95% CI :1.102~1.650, P =0.004)是农村空巢老人特有的危险因素,受教育程度高( OR =0.619,95% CI :0.385~0.996, P =0.048)是农村空巢老人特有的保护因素。结论 我国空巢老人抑郁水平较高且存在城乡差异。农村地区空巢老人抑郁水平更高,影响因素更复杂。应制定有效措施有针对性的干预城乡空巢老人心理健康。  相似文献   
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目的 运用标准化患者法评估四川农村地区基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病两种慢性病诊断准确性现状,探讨基层医生两种慢性病诊断准确性的主要影响因素,为提升基层医生两种慢性病诊断准确性提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取四川省自贡市5个区/县50个乡镇100个村为研究现场,以调查当日在岗的全科及内科医生作为研究对象。共进行两轮数据采集,第1轮采集样本乡镇卫生院和村卫生室医生的基本信息;第1轮调查完成1个月后,运用标准化患者法开展第2轮调查,收集农村基层医生对不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断结果信息。运用Logistic回归分析农村基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断准确性的影响因素。结果 共纳入172名农村基层医生,完成186次标准化患者访问,正确诊断率为48.39%。其中不稳定型心绞痛的正确诊断率为18.68%(17/91),2型糖尿病的正确诊断率为76.84%(73/95)。Logistic回归分析显示,具有执业医师资质的农村基层医生更有可能做出正确诊断(OR=4.857,95%CI=1.076~21.933,P=0.040)。农村基层医生在诊断过程中涉及的必要问诊和检查条目越多,做出正确诊断的概率越高(OR=1.627,95%CI=1.065~2.485,P=0.024)。与不稳定型心绞痛相比,农村基层医生对2型糖尿病做出正确诊断的可能性更高(OR=6.306,95%CI=3.611~11.013,P<0.001)。结论 四川农村基层医生不稳定型心绞痛和2型糖尿病诊断准确性整体较差,建议以基层医生慢性病诊断过程质量改善为突破口,提升基层医生执业水平,进而提高慢性病诊断准确性。  相似文献   
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