生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用的比较研究

目的 比较生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用及成分的变化。方法 将生姜炮制成干姜前后提取挥发油，皮肤电阻动力学实验和体外布洛芬透皮实验比较二者的促渗能力，ATR-FTIR红外分析挥发油透皮促渗主要机制，皮肤细胞毒性实验比较了生姜和干姜挥发油的细胞毒性，GC-MS分析成分变化。结果 干姜挥发油的透皮吸收促进作用显著优于生姜挥发油，其透皮促渗机制主要为对皮肤角质层脂质的萃取，而生姜和干姜挥发油的皮肤细胞毒性均显著低于化学促渗剂氮酮，炮制后干姜挥发油的倍半萜类成分比例高于生姜挥发油，透皮后干姜挥发油组皮内的倍半萜类成分比例也高于生姜挥发油组。结论 炮制后的干姜挥发油的透皮吸收作用优于生姜挥发油，验证了中药挥发油透皮吸收促进剂存在"热者易效"的规律。     

Anti-Cancer Effects of Traditional Medicinal Herbs on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Backgrounds: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most frequent oral cancers in individuals under 40. Documents have endorsed that a diet enriched with fruit and vegetables can banish the risk of developing major cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of four medicinal herbs including saffron, ginger, cinnamon and curcumin on OSCC cell line. Methods: Having obtained the aqueous extract of the four herbs, they were administered on OSCC cell lines per se and in dual, triple, and quadruple combinations. Their effects were measured in different concentrations and in 24 and 48 hours by using MTT assay. Results: The minimum and maximum effective concentrations were respectively 108 and 217 mg/ml for curcumin with IC30 of 77mg/ml, 108 and 270 mg/ml for ginger with IC30 of 58 mg/ml, 2 and 10 mg/ml for saffron with IC30 of 1.9 mg/ml, and 5 and 40 mg/ml for cinnamon with IC30 of 3.3 mg/ml. The best effect of the combinations was seen for cinnamon-saffron after both 24 and 48 hours and the four herbs combination after 48 hours. Conclusion: Although all the four herbs were effective on OSCC cell line, the strongest extract was saffron, followed by cinnamon. Combination of cinnamon-saffron and combination of the four herbs showed maximum effects. These findings suggest that traditional medicinal herbs may potentially contribute to oral cancer treatment; providing new windows for the development of new therapeutic strategies for OSCC.     

隔姜灸对乳腺癌改良根治术后血液高凝状态的干预效果

目的探讨隔姜灸治疗乳腺癌改良根治术后血液高凝状态的疗效。方法将106例行乳腺癌改良根治术患者随机分为对照组(n=54)和观察组(n=52)。对照组术后采取常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上从术后1～7 d在患者双侧血海穴、三阴交穴、足三里穴及太冲穴进行隔姜灸干预,比较两组患者术前1 d及术后7 d凝血功能相关指标。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者术后7 d凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间显著延长,纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体含量显著降低(均P0.05);两组均未发现出血征象。结论隔姜灸可安全有效地改善乳腺癌改良根治术后患者血液高凝状态。     

甘草干姜汤治疗变应性鼻炎大鼠的实验研究

目的:观察甘草干姜汤对变应性鼻炎大鼠外周血中γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的表达及鼻黏膜组织的影响。方法:120只大鼠随机分为正常组、甘草干姜汤组、模型组及西药组4组,后3组用卵清蛋白(AVO)制作变应性鼻炎动物模型,分别给予甘草干姜汤2~2.5 m L/只、西替利嗪溶液2~2.5 m L/只、生理盐水2~2.5 m L/只灌胃(模型组及对照组),每天1次;每组大鼠分别在灌胃10、20及30 d时处死10只,检测大鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平,同时观察各组大鼠各时点的行为学和鼻黏膜组织学变化。结果:灌胃10 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组与模型组大鼠行为学表现无明显差异(P>0.05),但与正常组存在明显差异(P<0.01);灌胃20 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组大鼠与模型组和正常组均有明显的差异(P<0.01);灌胃30 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组行为学变化接近正常组(P>0.05);甘草干姜汤组和西药组灌胃10和20 d时,血清中IFN-γ、IL-4水平与正常组、模型组均有明显差异(P<0.01);灌胃30 d,甘草干姜汤组、西药组IFN-γ和IL-4与模型组比较,分别有明显升高和下降(P<0.01),但与正常组无明显差异(P>0.05);HE染色示甘草干姜汤组与西药组灌胃30 d,鼻黏膜结构逐渐修复,嗜酸细胞显著减少,而正常组与模型组未见明显改变。结论:甘草干姜汤能改善变应性鼻炎大鼠的症状,对鼻黏膜有一定修复作用,其机制可能与调节IFN-γ-及IL-4水平有关。     

Therapeutic Effect of Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Curcuma Species with Cancer Drugs in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines

Synergistic effect of supercritical CO₂ extracts of Curcuma species with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs was investigated in human alveolar (SJRH30) and embryonal (RD) rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. The Curcuma amada (mango ginger) (CA) extract showed the highest levels of cytotoxicity with inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ values of 7.133 µg/ml and 7.501 µg/ml for SJRH30 and RD cell lines, respectively, as compared with Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) extracts. CA showed synergistic cytotoxic effects with vinblastine (VBL) and cyclophosphamide (CP) as indicated by the combination index values of <1 for VBL + CA, CP + CA, and VBL + CP + CA combinations in both embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. When lower doses of CA (0.1–0.2 µg/ml) were combined with cancer drugs like CP and VBL, caspase‐3 activity increased significantly compared with individual agents and correlated with the percentage of apoptotic cells. CA in combination with VBL and CP induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than single agents in both cell lines. CA also modulated the expression of genes associated with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (Bcl‐2, Bax, Bak, and p53) and also inhibited the expression of genes associated with inflammation such as COX‐2 and NF‐κB. Xenograft studies with SJRH30 tumors in nude mice showed that CA treatment inhibited tumor growth rate with and without VBL and increased the survival rate significantly. These results suggest that CA can be evaluated further as an adjuvant with cancer drugs for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大建中汤临床应用

大建中汤临床应用广泛,所治疗的腹痛一般病势较重,病情较急,加上患者素体又虚,需要及时服药。现代大建中汤多用于改善术后肠梗阻样症状。住院患者术后用大建中汤治疗宜早期给药,而中药汤剂煎煮需要一定的时间,所以需要利用现代多学科方法改变大建中汤剂型,使其服用更加方便。     

Effects of the tropical ginger compound, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, against tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C transgenic mice

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a tropical ginger derived compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), suppresses skin tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C mice. In a two-week study in which wild-type (WT) and K5.Stat3C mice were co-treated with either vehicle, ACA, galanga extract, or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), only the galanga extract and FA suppressed TPA-induced skin hyperproliferation and wet weight. None of these agents were effective at suppressing pTyr705 Stat3 expression. However, ACA and FA showed promising inhibitory effects against skin tumorigenesis in K5.Stat3C mice. ACA also suppressed phospho-p65 NF-kappaB activation, suggesting a potential mechanism for its action.     

不同提取工艺对炒决明子急性毒性和物质基础的影响

目的 研究不同提取工艺对炒决明子急性毒性和物质基础的影响,为炒决明子的临床安全用药提供依据。方法 分别制备炒决明子水提物和醇提物,用高效液相色谱法测定大黄酚和橙黄决明素含量。预试验结果表明由于受给药体积及浓度的限制,难以找出炒决明子水提物组和醇提物对小鼠的半数致死量（LD₅₀）,进行最大耐受量（MTD）或最大给药量（MFD）的测定。正常小鼠按性别、体质量随机分成3组：对照组、炒决明子水提物组、炒决明子醇提物组,每组20只。水提物组按40.0 mL/kg给药1次,12 h后无死亡情况,进行第2次给药。醇提物组按40.0 mL/kg给药1次,12 h内出现死亡情况,不进行第2次给药,对照组小鼠ig相同体积的水。观察小鼠体质量、饮食、饮水,14 d内可能出现的呼吸频率改变、呼吸困难、动度、对外反应情况、排便异常等,检测血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平。结果 制备的炒决明子水提物按生药量计为0.952 g/mL,大黄酚、橙黄决明素分别占生药的0.145 1%、0.018 5%;制备的炒决明子醇提物按生药量计为3.950 g/mL,大黄酚、橙黄决明素分别占生药的0.144 9%、0.024 8%。炒决明子水提物对正常小鼠的MFD为114.96 g/kg,相当于临床成年人日用量的588倍;炒决明子醇提物对正常小鼠MTD为178.40 g/kg,相当于临床成年人日用量的832.5倍。炒决明子水、醇提取物的急毒主要表现为：出现间歇扭体反应、便溏、呼吸频率减慢、呼吸困难、精神萎靡、俯卧昏睡等,其中便溏现象尤为明显,且醇提物>水提物。给药后,炒决明子水提物组和醇提物组小鼠的ALT、AST、BUN、Cr指标升高,与对照组比较,水提物组ALT、BUN、Cr水平呈显著性差异（P<0.01、0.001）,AST未见显著性差异;醇提物组ALT、BUN、Cr水平呈显著性差异（P<0.001）,AST未呈现显著性差异。结论 大剂量炒决明子水、醇提物对正常小鼠的肝、肾功能均有影响,其中对肾脏的影响较为严重;临床应用中,尽量选用炒决明子水提工艺以保证安全有效。     

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ginger Oil

Objective Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice in cooking and as a medicinal herb in traditional herbal medicine. The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger oil in experimental animal models. Methods The analgesic effect of the oils was evaluated by the “acetic acid” and “hot-plate” test models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was investigated in rats, using rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, adjuvant arthritis, and vascular permeability induced by bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and histamine. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg), Aspirin (0.5 g/kg) and Dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison. Results The ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) produced significant analgesic effect against chemically- and thermally-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice (P < 0.05, 0.01). And the ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant arthritis, and inflammatory mediators-induced vascular permeability in rats (P < 0.05, 0.001). Conclusion These findings confirm that the ginger oil can be used to treat pain and chronic inflammation such as rheumatic arthritis.     

姜炭在虚寒性出血证大鼠体内的整合药代动力学与温经止血药效学的相关性研究

目的:探讨姜炭在虚寒性出血证大鼠体内的整合药代动力学与温经止血药效学之间的相关性。方法:18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和姜炭组,每组6只。模型组和姜炭组大鼠诱导虚寒性出血证模型。造模同时,姜炭组大鼠灌胃给予0.007 g/kg姜炭乙酸乙酯提取液,空白组和模型组大鼠灌胃给予等体积蒸馏水,连续5 d。末次给药后分别于0.083、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12 h采集血样。高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定各组大鼠不同时间点血清中6-姜烯酮、6-姜烯酚、姜酮、二乙酰基-6-姜酚、6-姜酚、10-姜酚的含量。基于自定义权重系数法建立整合药代动力学模型,并计算整合药动学参数。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清血栓素B_2(TXB_2)和6-酮-前列腺素F_(1α)(6-keto-PGF_(lα))的含量,并计算药效强度。对整合血药浓度与药效强度进行相关性分析。结果:①建立整合药代动力学模型,计算药动学参数半衰期(t_(1/2))为(3.59±0.20)h,达峰时间(T_(max))为(3.00±0.00)h,最大浓度(C_(max))为(6.34±0.24)μg/ml,曲线下面积(AUC_(0-∞))为(44.44±1.41)μg·h/ml,平均滞留时间(MRT)为(5.85±0.18)h,表观清除率(CL/F)为(47.29±1.49)ml/(mg·h)。②与空白组相比,模型组大鼠各时间点血清TXB_2含量及TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(lα)比值均显著降低(P0.05)。与模型组相比,姜炭组大鼠各时间点血清TXB_2含量及TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(lα)比值均显著升高(P0.05),且药效强度较高。③多成分整合血药浓度与血清TXB_2和TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(lα)的药效强度变化趋势基本一致,给药4 h后整合血药浓度与药效强度呈正相关。结论:姜炭药效组分在虚寒性出血证大鼠体内的整合药代动力学与温经止血的药效学具有一定的相关性。