瑞白治疗恶性肿瘤化疗所致的白细胞减少

目的:观察rhGCSF(瑞白)治疗恶性肿瘤化疗所致白细胞减少的疗效和不良反应。方法:用瑞白治疗32例恶性肿瘤化疗所致的白细胞减少症。白细胞计数(WBC)<3.9×109/L或中性粒细胞<2.5×109/L时开始用rhGCSF150μg皮下注射,每日一次,连用5d或以上,白细胞记数升至正常或以上时停药。结果:治疗后可使化疗后白细胞减少患者的白细胞恢复正常范围,平均6.5d,使化疗按期完成。结论:可有效的治疗化疗所致的白细胞减少症,明显缩短白细胞降至正常范围以下的持续时间,有利于化疗的顺利进行。     

参脉注射液联合利血生治疗化疗后白细胞减少症

目的:观察参脉注射液联合利血生治疗化疗后白细胞减少症的临床疗效.方法:将符合病例入选标准的60例患者随机分为观察组、对照组各30例.两组均给予利血生片、维生素C、维生素B口服,观察组同时给予参麦注射液(每次20mL,1次/d,静脉滴注)治疗.两组疗程均为4周,治疗结束后观察临床疗效及白细胞变化情况.结果:显效率观察组36.67％,对照组20.00％,两组差异显著(P＜0.05)；总有效率观察组76.67％,对照组66.67％,两组差异显著(P＜0.05).两组白细胞计数情况治疗后1周均迅速降低,与治疗前比差异显著(P＜0.05)；治疗后2周两组白细胞计数继续下降,与治疗前比差异显著(P＜0.05)；治疗后3周均有所回升,但观察组[(3.58±0.4) ×109/L]较对照组[(2.82±0.6)×109L]改善更为显著(P＜0.05)；治疗后4周观察组为(4.58±0.B5) ×109/L,已接近正常,与对照组[(3.20±0.74)×109/L]相比差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:利血生片联合参麦注射液治疗化疗后白细胞减少症临床疗效显著.     

Coadministration of liposomal methylglyoxal increases the activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans in leukopoenic mice

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of liposomal amphotericin B (Lip-Amp B) and Methylglyoxal (Lip-MG) against Candida albicans in the leukopoenic mice. The antifungal efficacy of Lip-Amp B or Lip-MG or a combination of Lip-Amp B and Lip-MG was evaluated by the analysis of the survival rate and the fungal load in the treated mice. The immune-stimulatory effect of Lip-MG on macrophages was evaluated by analysing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. C. albicans infected mice treated at the doses of 1 and 2?mg/kg of Lip-Amp B showed 20% and 50% survival rates, respectively. Whereas the mice treated with free Amp B at the same doses died within 40?days of treatment. Interestingly, C. albicans infected mice treated with a combination of Lip-Amp B and Lip-MG had 70% survival rate on day 40 postinfection. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with Lip-MG increased their fungicidal activity and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings suggested that co-treatment with Lip-Amp B and Lip-MG had a synergistic effect and could be effective against C. albicans in immunocompromised subjects.     

Influences of XDH genotype by gene–gene interactions with SUCLA2 for thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Korean patients with Crohn’s disease

Background The impact of genetic variation in the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) gene on thiopurine-induced leukopenia has been well demonstrated. Although xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is the second major contributor to azathioprine breakdown, polymorphisms in XDH have rarely been studied in IBD patients. We aim to access association between XDH variants and thiopurine-induced leukopenia by gene–gene interaction in a Crohn’s disease (CD) population. Study A total of 964 CD patients treated with thiopurines were recruited from a tertiary referral center. The association between four XDH variants (p.Gly172Arg, p.Asn1109Thr, p.Arg149Cys, and p.Thr910Lys) and thiopurine-induced leukopenia was analyzed in cases with early leukopenia (n?=?66), late leukopenia (n?=?264), and in controls without leukopenia (n?=?632). Three non-synonymous SNPs, which we previously reported association with thiopurine-induced leukopenia, NUDT15 (p.Arg139Cys), SUCLA2 (p.Ser199Thr), and TPMT *3C were selected for epistasis analysis with the XDH variants. Results There was no significant association for two variants of XDH and thiopurine-induced leukopenia. In the epistasis analysis, only XDH (p.Asn1109Thr) * SUCLA2 (p.Ser199Thr) showed a statistically significant association with early leukopenia [odds ratio (OR)?=?0.16; p?=?0.03]. After genotype stratification, a positive association on the background of SUCLA2 wild-type (199Ser) between the XDH (p.Asn1109Thr) and early leukopenia (OR?=?4.39; p?=?0.01) was detected. Conclusion Genes associated with thiopurine-induced leukopenia can act in a complex interactive manner. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of the combination of XDH (p.Asn1109Thr) and SUCLA2 (199Ser) on thiopurine-induced leukopenia.     

去甲斑蝥素对喜树碱引起的白细胞减少症的缓解作用

目的:观察去甲斑蝥素(norcantharidin,NCTD)能否缓解喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)用药引起的骨髓抑制。方法:取Balb/c小鼠,采用概率单位法计算CPT半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD50)。以1 mg·kg-1作为CPT给药剂量,使用全血分析仪检测24 h内不同时间点白细胞浓度变化,为后续联合用药提供检测时间点参考。随后取Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组,分别为空白组,CPT(1 mg·kg-1)组,NCTD低、高剂量(10,20 mg·kg-1)组,CPT(1 mg·kg-1)+NCTD(10 mg·kg-1)组和CPT(1 mg·kg-1)+NCTD(20 mg·kg-1)组。连续灌胃2周,采用眼球采血法,应用全血分析仪检测进行相关指标的测定。流式细胞仪检测各组小鼠骨髓中性粒细胞的差异。病理组织切片评估肠道的毒性情况。结果:CPT LD50为1 mg·kg-1。CPT单独给药后6 h小鼠白细胞数目降至最少。24 h内与CPT单独用药比较,CPT+NCTD联合给药组白细胞、中性粒细胞数目明显上升(P0.05),嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞等无明显变化。连续灌胃2周,比较CPT单独用药,CPT+NCTD联合给药组白细胞数目明显上升(P0.05),其中淋巴细胞升高显著(P0.01),其他细胞无明显变化。流式细胞仪检测各组小鼠骨髓中性粒细胞的无明显差异,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色显示CPT主要毒靶器官小肠的病理变化短期、长期均不明显。结论:NCTD可减轻CPT用药引起的白细胞减少症,并没有增加其肠道毒性,为临床CPT应用,并减轻其毒性提供一定理论参考。     

粒生素在治疗化疗导致白细胞减少中的临床应用

为观察粒生素 (rhG CSF)在治疗恶性肿瘤化疗所致白细胞减少的疗效及临床不良反应 ,对 32 7例次恶性肿瘤化疗所致白细胞减少的患者使用粒生素 2 .5 - 5 μg (kg·d) ,皮下注射。结果表明 :Ⅰ和Ⅱ度骨髓抑制白细胞恢复正常所用粒生素的平均剂量为 2 37μg ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ度为 6 75 μg。治疗总有效率为 99.4 %。临床应用中未发现明显副反应。结论 :粒生素在治疗恶性肿瘤化疗所致的白细胞减少中具有良好的临床有效性和安全性。     

鸡血藤提取物对环磷酰胺致白细胞低下大鼠的影响

目的 利用环磷酰胺（CTX）致白细胞低下大鼠模型研究鸡血藤提取物的升白细胞作用，发现其升白细胞作用的有效部位。方法 采用CTX（100 mg/kg）单次sc的方法制备大鼠白细胞低下模型，给药后第7、9、11天采集大鼠的血液，测定白细胞总数及分类，并进行统计分析。结果 鸡血藤提取物A（50%乙醇提取，为总提取物）、B（50%乙醇提取-水洗脱）、C（50%乙醇提取-25%乙醇洗脱）组均未见明显升白细胞作用，而鸡血藤提取物D（50%乙醇提取-70%乙醇洗脱，总黄酮量大于55%）和阳性药利可君均具有明显的升白细胞作用，且鸡血藤提取物D的升白细胞作用具有量效关系，优于阳性药利可君。结论 鸡血藤提取物D可能是鸡血藤升白细胞作用的有效部位，推测其升白细胞作用的有效物质是总黄酮。     

RETICULAR DYSGENESIS IN A PRETERM INFANT: A Case Report

Reticular dysgenesis (RD) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency classified within the severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) and characterized by impairment of both lymphoid and myeloid cell development. Neutropenia unresponsive to recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rGCSF) is the hallmark of RD and the clinical course is rapidly fatal due to overwhelming infections. The authors report a female newborn at 32 weeks of gestation presenting with severe leukopenia at birth. The bone marrow showed a maturation arrest in the myeloid and lymphoid lineage. She had no response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rGCSF) treatment and died with sepsis at age of 2 months.     

穴位封闭配合升白细胞药物治疗抗甲状腺药物致白细？…

目的：探讨穴位封闭配合口服升白细胞药治疗抗甲状腺药物所致白细胞减少症的临床疗效。方法：将确诊的２１０例患者随机分为Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ３组。Ａ组口服纱Ｂ４，利血生和碳酸锂，Ｂ组在Ａ组治疗基础上联合应用足三里穴，膈俞穴注射地塞米松及肌苷；Ｃ组应用粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射，３组均在治疗后第３，５，１０日各查血象１次，进行疗效评定。结果：３组患者总有效率分别为３５．７％，９０．０％和１００．０％。