American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors

The overall 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide evidence-based, cancer-specific recommendations for anthropometric parameters, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake for reducing recurrence and cancer-specific and overall mortality. The audiences for this guideline are health care providers caring for cancer survivors as well as cancer survivors and their families. The guideline is intended to serve as a resource for informing American Cancer Society programs, health policy, and the media. Sources of evidence that form the basis of this guideline are systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, pooled analyses of cohort studies, and large randomized clinical trials published since 2012. Recommendations for nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment, informed by current practice, large cancer care organizations, and reviews of other expert bodies, are also presented. To provide additional context for the guidelines, the authors also include information on the relationship between health-related behaviors and comorbidities, long-term sequelae and patient-reported outcomes, and health disparities, with attention to enabling survivors' ability to adhere to recommendations. Approaches to meet survivors' needs are addressed as well as clinical care coordination and resources for nutrition and physical activity counseling after a cancer diagnosis.     

高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值研究

目的:研究高龄老年骨折患者手法固定后使用补气活血方的临床价值。方法:纳入我院2017年1-12月收治的骨折患者共100例为研究对象,按照住院号单双数分组法分为观察组与对照组各50例,对照组实施手法固定后使用常规药物干预,观察组在对照组治疗方案基础上给予补气活血方,对比不同药物方案对患者骨折愈合时间、C反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)及红细胞沉降率(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate,ESR)水平、疼痛评分差异。结果:①两组治疗前CRP、ESR、白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)水平无统计差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组患者指标水平优于对照组(P<0.05);②两组患者的疼痛评分治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后疼痛评分均下降,但观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组的骨折愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对高龄老年骨折患者使用手法固定联合补气活血方口服能够改善患者的骨折康复效果。     

基于数据挖掘对治疗口疮的成方制剂的用药规律分析*

目的分析治疗口疮的成方制剂的剂型、功能主治、组方用药规律及核心组合，为临床治疗口疮的辨证用药及新药研发提供参考。方法 收集《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》(以下简称《中药成方制剂》)、《中华人民共和国药典：2015年版》(以下简称2015年版《中国药典》)中治疗口疮的成方制剂的名称、处方、剂型、功能与主治，录入Microsoft Excel及中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)，统计用药频次；运用Apriori算法及关联规则对处方核心组合进行统计分析(支持度为10%，置信度100%)；采用熵聚类算法统计2-3个不同成分间的关联系数(支持度为8，惩罚度为2)；根据无监督的熵层次聚类法提取内在核心组合和新方组合。结果 挖掘得出86种成方制剂及其处方，以丸剂、散剂、片剂等多见，包含药物148味，使用频次较高为冰片、甘草、大黄、黄芩等，药物四气五味以苦寒为主，主要归肺胃心脾经，治疗证型较多为热毒炽盛证、热毒攻喉证等，常用核心配伍包括“黄芩-大黄”“黄连-甘草”等，挖掘得出新方组合“珍珠-川贝母-灯心草-天花粉-没药”等4首。结论 利用数据挖掘分析治疗口疮的成方制剂的组方规律，由核心药物组合成新方，可为临床辨证使用及研发治疗口疮成方制剂、新药提供依据和参考。     

萆苓祛痛方对糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织SIRT3蛋白表达及URAT1 mRNA的影响

目的:探讨萆苓祛痛方对糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织去乙酰化酶3(SIRT3)蛋白表达及尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1) mRNA的影响。方法:选择健康雄性大鼠40只,除正常组外,其余组予高脂饲料喂养并联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)溶液40 mg·kg-1腹腔注射1次,以血糖≥16. 7 mmol·L-1,为糖尿病模型。4 d后关节腔注射5%尿酸钠溶液1次,诱导痛风模型,模型成功后,分为萆苓祛痛方组(萆苓组,10 g·kg-1),吲哚美辛组(5 mg·kg-1),吡格列酮组(10 mg·kg-1),均连续给药21 d,正常组、模型组予等量生理盐水;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定骨骼肌组织SIRT3蛋白表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测骨骼肌组织URAT1 mRNA表达,并进行病理检查,取血测定血糖(GLU),血尿酸(UA)及C反应蛋白(CRP)含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组GLU,UA及CRP明显升高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,萆苓组、吡格列酮组血糖下降(P 0. 05);各药物组UA及CRP明显下降(P 0. 01)。与正常组比较,模型组骨骼肌SIRT3蛋白表达量显著降低(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,萆苓组骨骼肌SIRT3蛋白表达量显著提高(P 0. 01),与西药组比较无明显差异;条带图的结果同样显示,与正常组比较,模型组表达亮度明显减弱,药物组表达亮度明显增强;与正常组比较,模型组关节组织URAT1 mRNA相对表达量明显升高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,各药物组URAT1 mRNA相对表达量显著下调(P 0. 01)。电泳图同样提示,正常组表达亮度减弱,模型组表达亮度显著增强,萆苓组、西药组表达亮度明显减弱。关节病理提示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠关节病理损伤严重,可见大量炎细胞浸润及纤维增生,滑膜细胞变性、坏死。与模型组比较,萆苓祛痛方关节病变程度明显减低,见少量炎细胞浸润,滑膜上皮轻度增生。结论:具有泻浊解毒通络作用的萆苓祛痛方可显著提高糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织SIRT3的蛋白表达量,下调URAT1 mRNA的表达量,减轻骨骼肌组织病理损伤,减低血清炎症因子CRP的含量,降低模型大鼠的血糖、血尿酸水平,有保护关节功能的作用。     

扶正解毒抗癌方治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的:探讨扶正解毒抗癌方对晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及对患者化疗后骨髓抑制的影响。方法:选取2016年1月至2019年3月滁州市第一人民医院收治的NSCLC患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组50例。对照组患者采用常规化疗,研究组患者在对照组的基础上加用扶正解毒抗癌方,两组患者连续治疗2个化疗周期。观察两组患者的临床疗效,分别于治疗前后测定白细胞计数、血小板计数及血红蛋白水平,比较两组患者治疗后骨髓抑制发生情况和卡氏(Karnofsky,KPS)评分的差异。结果:研究组患者的总有效率为62.00%(31/50),明显高于对照组的36.00%(18/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者白细胞计数、血小板计数及血红蛋白水平均明显低于治疗前,但研究组患者上述指标水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者骨髓抑制发生率为38.00%(19/50),明显低于对照组的68.00%(34/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者KPS评分提高率和稳定率分别为34.00%(17/50)、46.00%(23/50),明显优于对照组的14.00%(7/50)、16.00%(8/50),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正解毒抗癌方联合常规化疗治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效显著,能够减轻患者化疗后骨髓抑制情况,提高患者生活质量。     

Benzophenone-3 promotion of mammary tumorigenesis is diet-dependent

Benzophenone-3 is a putative endocrine disrupting chemical and common ingredient in sunscreens. The potential of endocrine disrupting chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists in critical hormonally regulated processes, such as mammary gland development and mammary tumorigenesis, demands evaluation of its potential in promoting breast cancer. This study identifies the effects of BP-3 on mammary tumorigenesis with high-fat diet during puberty versus adulthood in Trp53-null transplant BALB/c mice. Benzophenone-3 exposure yielded levels in urine similar to humans subjected to heavy topical sunscreen exposure. Benzophenone-3 was protective for epithelial tumorigenesis in mice fed lifelong low-fat diet, while promotional for epithelial tumorigenesis in mice fed adult high-fat diet. Benzophenone-3 increased tumor cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell apoptosis, and increased tumor vascularity dependent on specific dietary regimen and tumor histopathology. Even in instances of an ostensibly protective effect, other parameters suggest greater risk. Although benzophenone-3 seemed protective on low-fat diet, spindle cell tumors arising in these mice showed increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. This points to a need for further studies of benzophenone-3 in both animal models and humans as a potential breast cancer risk factor, as well as a more general need to evaluate endocrine disrupting chemicals in varying dietary contexts.     

经典名方物质基准研制的关键技术分析

中药经典名方开发已成为当下中医药界研究的热点之一,而其中经典名方物质基准的成功研制对于整个中药经典名方的申报极为关键。经典名方物质基准既是检测经典名方制剂质量的基准,同时又需反映整方的物质基础。中药成分众多而复杂,单成分的、化药式的研发与质量控制模式难以适用于整体药用的中药制剂的开发,亟需开辟一条中药专属的研发模式。以目前已有的现代科学技术,笔者建议将中药的遗传多态性、提取动力学、指纹图谱总量统计矩(相似度)法、超分子"印迹模板"等结合应用于经典名方物质基准的研制,探讨中药经典名方物质基准的质量控制技术,以期全面、准确地阐明药材-饮片-物质基准的成分群量值的传递规律,为推进中药经典名方的研制进程提供参考。