护士艾滋病职业暴露防护相关知识培训需求与实践

目的：了解护士艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知水平、态度及培训需求状况，为培训提供依据。方法：采取自行设计的问卷，对本院220名各科室护士进行艾滋病及职业暴露防护知识、态度和技能的认知状况、培训需求、培训效果凋查。结果：①护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知率较低；②培训前后护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识认知度、防护技能的掌握有统计学差异；③97.2％护士认为非常有必要进行艾滋病及职业暴露防护相关知识培训。结论：护士对艾滋病及职业暴露防护知识、技能缺乏全面系统的掌握，应制定出科学、系统的健康教育程序及实践标准，拓展培训面，增强护士的防护意识和防护技能。     

江苏省城市独生子女父母养老需求调查

[目的]了解城市独生子女父母的养老需求。[方法]采用问卷调查法和访谈法对江苏省城市社区270名独生子女父母进行调查。[结果]被调查的独生子女父母渴望子女和配偶给予日常生活的关心和照料,要求政府或社会能提供相关的养老支持,每月医疗与药品费用支出和医疗费用来源对经济、精神以及年老归属感的需求有一定的影响。[结论]独生子女父母的养老问题日益突出,子女、社会、政府应满足独生子女父母的养老需求,降低其对年老生活的后顾之忧。     

Effect of reverse manual wheelchair propulsion on shoulder kinematics,kinetics and muscular activity in persons with paraplegia

Objective: Shoulder pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is attributed to increased mobility demands on the arms and negatively impacts independence and quality of life. Repetitive superior and posterior shoulder joint forces produced during traditional wheelchair (WC) locomotion can result in subacromial impingement if unopposed, as with muscular fatigue or weakness. ROWHEELS^® (RW), geared rear wheels that produce forward WC movement with backward rim pulling, could alter these forces.

Design: Cross sectional.

Setting: Research laboratory at a rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: Ten manual WC users with paraplegia.

Outcome measures: Propulsion characteristics and right upper extremity/trunk kinematics and shoulder muscle activity were collected during ergometer propulsion: (1) self-selected free speed reverse propulsion with RW, (2) matched-speed reverse (rSW), and (3) forward propulsion (fSW) with instrumented Smartwheels (SW). Inverse dynamics using right-side SW rim kinetics and kinematics compared shoulder kinetics during rSW and fSW.

Results: Free propulsion velocity, cycle distance and cadence were similar during RW, rSW and fSW. Overall shoulder motion was similar except that peak shoulder extension was significantly reduced in both RW and rSW versus fSW. Anteriorly and inferiorly directed SW rim forces were decreased during rSW versus fSW propulsion, but posteriorly and superiorly directed rim forces were significantly greater. Superior and posterior shoulder joint forces and flexor, adductor, and external rotation moments were significantly less during rSW, without a significant difference in net shoulder forces and moments. Traditional propulsive-phase muscle activity was significantly reduced and recovery-phase muscle activity was increased during reverse propulsion.

Conclusion: These results suggest that reverse propulsion may redirect shoulder demands and prevent subacromial impingement, thereby preventing injury and preserving independent mobility for individuals with paraplegia.     

某二级综合医院女职工孕期劳动保护需求情况调查

目的:了解上海市某二级甲等综合医院女职工孕期劳动保护需求情况。方法:便利抽取上海市某二级甲等综合医院的392名女职工,运用女职工孕期劳动保护需求调查表进行问卷调查。结果:孕期休长假需求情况:23.1%的女职工认为怀孕后需全程休假,61.4%的女职工认为需根据身体及岗位而定;孕期工间休息需求情况:87.4%的女职工认为怀孕后需全程安排工间休息,且希望孕早、中期工间休息的时间为30分钟,7个月后工间休息的时间为60分钟;生育后岗位安排:83.4%的女职工希望生育后回原岗位。不同职业、科室及是否准备生二胎情况的女职工其孕期全程休假需求率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),职业为护士、科室为病房、准备生二胎的女职工孕期休长假需求较高。结论:医院相关部门应做好女职工孕期劳动保护工作,在保障女职工休息、休假及生育待遇方面权利的同时,采取合理措施,通过人性化排班制度,提供多元化的岗位选择及加强工间休息等举措来调动女职工的工作积极性,降低女职工孕期全程休假事件的发生率,以有效利用有限的人力资源。