OSA相关性高血压患者的隐匿性及降压思路探讨

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)是高血压的独立危险因素,因其作为病因易被忽视,故OSA相关性高血压患者常被漏诊而贻误治疗。采用《高血压患者睡眠呼吸暂停认知调研表》了解高血压患者对OSA的认知情况;通过分析OSA相关性高血压的隐匿性、临床特点及相关发病机制,探讨该病的降压思路。认为对此类患者在尝试生活方式调摄降压效果不佳后,应建议其暂缓选择西药直接降压,尝试优先选择中药缓解OSA症状,同时采用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)改善通气状况,从而调节血压、恢复血压的正常昼夜节律。     

基于“脾胰同源”应用养阴益气活血法减少血糖波动干预糖尿病大血管病变的研究

目的探讨基于"脾胰同源"应用养阴益气活血法观察参芪复方对糖尿病血糖波动的影响。方法建立由高脂饲料喂养的糖尿病大血管并发症大鼠模型,实验分为空白组,模型组,参芪复方组,西药西格列汀组,各组灌胃8周。实验期间观察动物一般状况,在灌胃的第4周每周1次测定1日内5个时间点的血糖情况,并计算MBG、SDBG、LABG值。灌胃8周后处死GK大鼠,检测各组血脂水平、CRP、血清胰岛素、血清胰高血糖素、血清GLP-1,对腹主动脉及胰腺组织进行HE染色后进行病理形态学观察。结果参芪组一般状况优于模型组,血糖波动方面,每日平均血糖标准差(SDBG)和最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)值优于模型组。甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)以及C反应蛋白(CRP)较模型组降低,但与西药组无统计学意义。胰岛素(INS)与胰高血糖素(GC)与模型组相比,无统计学意义;而GLP-1较模型组有显著的差异(P<0.01)。病理方面,参芪组腹主动脉和胰腺切片优于模型组和西药组。结论应用参芪复方可以改善糖尿病大血管病变GK大鼠的一般状态,提高GLP-1的浓度,控制血糖的波动幅度;且可以改善脂代谢紊乱,降低CRP,减轻模型GK大鼠血管内皮损伤,延缓糖尿病大血管病变的进展。     

仝小林教授分类、分期、分证思想在甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌的治疗中的体现

甲状腺结节是指甲状腺细胞在局部异常生长所引起的散在病变。5%～15%的甲状腺结节为恶性。结合现代医疗，仝小林教授在传承传统辨证论治模式，又开启了“分类、分期、分证”的辨证辨病思想，系统阐述甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌的类型、发展及转归等内容，并构建基于甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌分类、分期(根据自然演变过程可以分为郁、瘀、虚3期)、分证思想体系指导下的甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌防治临床实践。分类、分期、分证思想综合考量疾病共性及患者个性，可为现代慢性病中医理论构建提供启示。     

神经病学专业型硕士研究生规范化培训的思考

神经病学领域正突飞猛进地发展,培养现代应用型高素质神经科学人才迫在眉睫。神经病学专业型硕士研究生顺应国家培训政策,正接受研究生教育与住院医师规范化培训接轨的新培训模式,这对神经病学研究生教学提出更高要求。文章对神经病学专业型硕士研究生接受住院医师规范化培训进行了探讨,指出要加强教学工作,从多角度开展教学,优化教学方法,为培养优秀的神经病学专业人才打下坚实基础。     

恶性肿瘤患者情志疾病的中医临床思路

恶性肿瘤是临床常见的一种心身疾病,情志异常与恶性肿瘤可互相影响而形成恶性循环。临床工作中,恶性肿瘤合并情志疾病最常见的情况是焦虑抑郁状态、睡眠障碍和谵妄状态,分别归属于中医学“郁证”、“不寐”、“癫狂”等范畴。综合运用非药物治疗手段及中医辨证论治,可有效提高合并情志疾病的肿瘤患者的生活质量及治疗依从性,有利于肿瘤综合治疗方案的顺利实施。     

Arterial endofibrosis in endurance athletes: Prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography

PurposeTo prospectively compare the diagnostic capabilities of computed tomography angiography (CTA) to those of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in endurance athletes with suspicion of arterial endofibrosis.Materials and methodsForty-five athletes (39 men, 6 women; median age: 30 years, interquartile range: 23–42 years) prospectively underwent DSA and CTA without (n = 5) or with (n = 40) electrocardiogram gating. DSA was interpreted by a single expert (experience of 15 years). CTA was independently interpreted by three other readers (experience of 5–8 years). Readers assessed the presence and degree of stenoses on iliac and femoral arteries and the overall diagnosis (negative, uncertain, positive) of endofibrosis at the limb level. Sensitivities and specificities of DSA and CTA were estimated at the limb level using histological findings and long-term follow-up as reference, and compared using the McNemar test.ResultsFor diagnosing and quantifying stenoses, concordance between DSA and CTA was moderate-to-good for common and external iliac arteries, moderate for lateral circumflex arteries and poor-to-moderate for the other branches of the deep femoral artery. It was good for all readers for the overall diagnosis of endofibrosis. After long-term follow-up (median, 95 months; interquartile range: 7–109 months), DSA sensitivity and specificity were respectively 88.6% (39/44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 76–95%) and 75% (24/32; 95% CI: 57.9–86.7%); CTA sensitivity and specificity were respectively 88.6% (39/44; 95% CI: 76–95%; P > 0.99) and 84.4% (27/32; 95% CI: 68.2–93.1%; P = 0.51), 86.3% (38/44; 95% CI: 73.3–93.6%; P > 0.99) and 75% (24/32; 95% CI: 57.9–86.7%; P > 0.99), and 84.1% (37/44; 95% CI: 70.6–92.1%; P = 0.68) and 75% (24/32; 95% CI: 57.9–86.7%; P > 0.99) for the three readers.ConclusionCTA shows performances similar to those of DSA in predicting the long-term diagnosis of endofibrosis in endurance athletes with suggestive symptoms.     

“厚薄”教学理念在病理教学中的应用研究

病理学理论课教学是灌输病理学基础知识的基本手段,是医学教育的关键组成部分,普遍应用LBL教学模式。如何让传统病理学理论教学模式从被动灌输方式转化为主动学习的过程,充分调动教学双方的内在动机,拓展学生的思维能力,这是病理学理论教学研究的重要内容。文章尝试"把书读厚及把书读薄"的教学思想有效应用到病理学教学中,通过引入"思维导图"优化相关教学内容;结合双师型培训机制,灵活做到将病理学"教薄教厚";积极创建网络互动平台,提升学生的动手操作能力,实现把病理学"学薄学厚"。     

Reproducibility and prognostic significance of area of residual tumor (ART) in post-neoadjuvant resections of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThe pathologic assessments of tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) are critical to improving the prognostic stratification for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we clarified the utility of our new grading system based on the area of residual tumor (ART) as compared to existing systems, such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and MD Anderson (MDA) score. Methods: Eight reviewers individually evaluated the tumor regression grade of 30 patients with PDAC based on three types of grading systems. The interobserver concordance and clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the three systems. Results: The interobserver concordance (kappa value) of the ART, CAP, and MDA score were 0.61, 0.48, and 0.53, respectively. Discrepant cases, which were 27% of the cases, exhibited smaller tumor and tumor bed sizes than concordant cases. The reduction in tumor size evaluated by microscopy showed a correlation with the rate of change in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, CA19-9 level, and tumor size on computed tomography (CT). The ART score was correlated with the tumor size on CT before and after NACRT and disease-free survival. The CAP and MDA scores were not associated with prognosis. Conclusion: The ART grading system may be the most practical system to assess the tumor response in post-NACRT resections of PDAC.