生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用的比较研究

目的 比较生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用及成分的变化。方法 将生姜炮制成干姜前后提取挥发油，皮肤电阻动力学实验和体外布洛芬透皮实验比较二者的促渗能力，ATR-FTIR红外分析挥发油透皮促渗主要机制，皮肤细胞毒性实验比较了生姜和干姜挥发油的细胞毒性，GC-MS分析成分变化。结果 干姜挥发油的透皮吸收促进作用显著优于生姜挥发油，其透皮促渗机制主要为对皮肤角质层脂质的萃取，而生姜和干姜挥发油的皮肤细胞毒性均显著低于化学促渗剂氮酮，炮制后干姜挥发油的倍半萜类成分比例高于生姜挥发油，透皮后干姜挥发油组皮内的倍半萜类成分比例也高于生姜挥发油组。结论 炮制后的干姜挥发油的透皮吸收作用优于生姜挥发油，验证了中药挥发油透皮吸收促进剂存在"热者易效"的规律。     

Anti-Cancer Effects of Traditional Medicinal Herbs on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Backgrounds: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most frequent oral cancers in individuals under 40. Documents have endorsed that a diet enriched with fruit and vegetables can banish the risk of developing major cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of four medicinal herbs including saffron, ginger, cinnamon and curcumin on OSCC cell line. Methods: Having obtained the aqueous extract of the four herbs, they were administered on OSCC cell lines per se and in dual, triple, and quadruple combinations. Their effects were measured in different concentrations and in 24 and 48 hours by using MTT assay. Results: The minimum and maximum effective concentrations were respectively 108 and 217 mg/ml for curcumin with IC30 of 77mg/ml, 108 and 270 mg/ml for ginger with IC30 of 58 mg/ml, 2 and 10 mg/ml for saffron with IC30 of 1.9 mg/ml, and 5 and 40 mg/ml for cinnamon with IC30 of 3.3 mg/ml. The best effect of the combinations was seen for cinnamon-saffron after both 24 and 48 hours and the four herbs combination after 48 hours. Conclusion: Although all the four herbs were effective on OSCC cell line, the strongest extract was saffron, followed by cinnamon. Combination of cinnamon-saffron and combination of the four herbs showed maximum effects. These findings suggest that traditional medicinal herbs may potentially contribute to oral cancer treatment; providing new windows for the development of new therapeutic strategies for OSCC.     

基于指纹图谱结合色度值的不同炮制时间茅根炭差异研究

目的 考察炮制过程中茅根炭饮片UPLC指纹图谱和色度值的差异。方法 采用UPLC法建立白茅根、茅根炭的指纹图谱,并采用分光测色仪测定其色度值（L*、a*、b*）,以各类分析方法分析茅根炭炮制过程中饮片指纹图谱与色度值的相关性。结果 随着炮制时间的延长,茅根炭较白茅根指纹图谱的相似度逐渐降低;峰1、5-羟甲基糠醛、峰11、4-香豆酸单位峰面积先增大后减小,其余共有峰单位峰面积均呈减小趋势;L*、b*值整体上逐渐减小,而△E*逐渐增大。5-羟甲基糠醛、峰3、峰9峰面积与色度值间具有极显著性或显著性。主成分分析共提取2个主成分,累积方差贡献率为88.870%。聚类分析结果显示,炮制时间2～6 min聚为第1类,炮制时间8～16 min聚为第2类,炮制时间18～30 min聚为第3类。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析结果显示,峰1、a*、b*、峰3、L*、峰12、E*、5-羟甲基糠醛是茅根炭饮片炮制过程中发生质量变化的主要指标。结论 不同炮制时间茅根炭饮片的色度值与UPLC指纹图谱密切相关,可为茅根炭炮制过程中监测饮片质量提供参考。     

隔姜灸对乳腺癌改良根治术后血液高凝状态的干预效果

目的探讨隔姜灸治疗乳腺癌改良根治术后血液高凝状态的疗效。方法将106例行乳腺癌改良根治术患者随机分为对照组(n=54)和观察组(n=52)。对照组术后采取常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上从术后1～7 d在患者双侧血海穴、三阴交穴、足三里穴及太冲穴进行隔姜灸干预,比较两组患者术前1 d及术后7 d凝血功能相关指标。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者术后7 d凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间显著延长,纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体含量显著降低(均P0.05);两组均未发现出血征象。结论隔姜灸可安全有效地改善乳腺癌改良根治术后患者血液高凝状态。     

甘草干姜汤治疗变应性鼻炎大鼠的实验研究

目的:观察甘草干姜汤对变应性鼻炎大鼠外周血中γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的表达及鼻黏膜组织的影响。方法:120只大鼠随机分为正常组、甘草干姜汤组、模型组及西药组4组,后3组用卵清蛋白(AVO)制作变应性鼻炎动物模型,分别给予甘草干姜汤2~2.5 m L/只、西替利嗪溶液2~2.5 m L/只、生理盐水2~2.5 m L/只灌胃(模型组及对照组),每天1次;每组大鼠分别在灌胃10、20及30 d时处死10只,检测大鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平,同时观察各组大鼠各时点的行为学和鼻黏膜组织学变化。结果:灌胃10 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组与模型组大鼠行为学表现无明显差异(P>0.05),但与正常组存在明显差异(P<0.01);灌胃20 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组大鼠与模型组和正常组均有明显的差异(P<0.01);灌胃30 d,甘草干姜汤组和西药组行为学变化接近正常组(P>0.05);甘草干姜汤组和西药组灌胃10和20 d时,血清中IFN-γ、IL-4水平与正常组、模型组均有明显差异(P<0.01);灌胃30 d,甘草干姜汤组、西药组IFN-γ和IL-4与模型组比较,分别有明显升高和下降(P<0.01),但与正常组无明显差异(P>0.05);HE染色示甘草干姜汤组与西药组灌胃30 d,鼻黏膜结构逐渐修复,嗜酸细胞显著减少,而正常组与模型组未见明显改变。结论:甘草干姜汤能改善变应性鼻炎大鼠的症状,对鼻黏膜有一定修复作用,其机制可能与调节IFN-γ-及IL-4水平有关。     

Therapeutic Effect of Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Curcuma Species with Cancer Drugs in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines

Synergistic effect of supercritical CO₂ extracts of Curcuma species with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs was investigated in human alveolar (SJRH30) and embryonal (RD) rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. The Curcuma amada (mango ginger) (CA) extract showed the highest levels of cytotoxicity with inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ values of 7.133 µg/ml and 7.501 µg/ml for SJRH30 and RD cell lines, respectively, as compared with Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) extracts. CA showed synergistic cytotoxic effects with vinblastine (VBL) and cyclophosphamide (CP) as indicated by the combination index values of <1 for VBL + CA, CP + CA, and VBL + CP + CA combinations in both embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. When lower doses of CA (0.1–0.2 µg/ml) were combined with cancer drugs like CP and VBL, caspase‐3 activity increased significantly compared with individual agents and correlated with the percentage of apoptotic cells. CA in combination with VBL and CP induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than single agents in both cell lines. CA also modulated the expression of genes associated with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (Bcl‐2, Bax, Bak, and p53) and also inhibited the expression of genes associated with inflammation such as COX‐2 and NF‐κB. Xenograft studies with SJRH30 tumors in nude mice showed that CA treatment inhibited tumor growth rate with and without VBL and increased the survival rate significantly. These results suggest that CA can be evaluated further as an adjuvant with cancer drugs for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大建中汤临床应用

大建中汤临床应用广泛,所治疗的腹痛一般病势较重,病情较急,加上患者素体又虚,需要及时服药。现代大建中汤多用于改善术后肠梗阻样症状。住院患者术后用大建中汤治疗宜早期给药,而中药汤剂煎煮需要一定的时间,所以需要利用现代多学科方法改变大建中汤剂型,使其服用更加方便。     

无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩对纳差患者的临床护理观察

目的: 探讨无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩对纳差患者的临床效果。方法: 选择2016年1月至2016 年10月在我院住院的患者68例,脱落8例,实际入组患者60例,按照随机表法将其分为对照组( n = 30) 和干预组( n = 30) ,干预组:无烟隔姜灸治疗 ,以清艾隔姜灸上中下脘穴,隔姜灸治疗每日1次,每穴15分钟；穴位按摩不容、承满、梁门三穴。对照组:穴位按摩治疗同观察组,不进行艾灸。两组均治疗7天,分别于治疗前后记录患者的临床症状观察量表,进行统计分析。结果: 无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩都是治疗纳差患者的有效疗法；无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩能显著改善患者纳差患者的临床症状；无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩优于穴位按摩。结论: 无烟隔姜灸结合穴位按摩是治疗纳差患者的有效疗法、显著改善患者纳差患者的临床症状。     

多种统计方法比较黄连姜制工序中影响生物碱含量的因素

目的：测定黄连不同姜制品中6种生物碱的含量，采用多种统计方法对数据进行分析，找出姜制工序中影响姜黄连质量的因素。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定黄连不同姜制品中药根碱、非洲防己碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀及小檗碱的含量。运用主成分分析、聚类分析、LSD（Least-Significant Difference）检验、独立t检验对结果进行分析。结果：黄连经姜炙后，表小檗碱、黄连碱含量略有上升，药根碱、非洲防己碱、巴马汀、小檗碱含量略有下降，传统姜炙品中各成分含量均高于烘制品。聚类分析发现榨汁组和煮汁组可以聚为一类；烘法和炙法具有明显不同的聚类，对黄连姜制品中的6种生物碱之和进行LSD检验，亦表明烘法与炙法具有显著性差异。对榨汁组进行独立t 检验，结果表明姜汁与黄连饮片拌匀或闷润至透心在6种生物碱上无显著性差异，LSD与独立t 检验的结果与聚类分析的结果一致。结论：采用同一批次黄连炮制所得的姜制品中，姜的来源、不同方法制备的姜汁及闷润过程对6种生物碱影响不大，加热方式可能是影响姜黄连质量的因素。考虑到润至透心需加入大量水稀释姜汁，炒干所需工时较长，故辅料姜汁与黄连饮片拌匀吸尽即可。     

Effects of the tropical ginger compound, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, against tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C transgenic mice

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a tropical ginger derived compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), suppresses skin tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C mice. In a two-week study in which wild-type (WT) and K5.Stat3C mice were co-treated with either vehicle, ACA, galanga extract, or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), only the galanga extract and FA suppressed TPA-induced skin hyperproliferation and wet weight. None of these agents were effective at suppressing pTyr705 Stat3 expression. However, ACA and FA showed promising inhibitory effects against skin tumorigenesis in K5.Stat3C mice. ACA also suppressed phospho-p65 NF-kappaB activation, suggesting a potential mechanism for its action.