制何首乌的炮制方法探索

目的:考察黑豆汁炖制时间对制何首乌外观性状及各类有效成分含量变化规律的影响。方法:采用HPLC同时测定不同炮制时间制何首乌样品中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷的含量,选择Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C_(18)色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0～30 min,5%～100%A; 30～40 min,100%A),流速1. 0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,检测波长280 nm。结果:随炖制时间的增加,二苯乙烯苷含量逐渐降低,与8 h时相比,至64 h时含量降低76%;大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷2种蒽醌苷含量先上升后下降,至24 h时达最高值,炖制40 h时降至与8 h近似的水平,之后略有波动;大黄素、大黄素甲醚2种蒽醌苷元含量先上升后下降,炖制32 h时达最大值,之后缓慢降低并趋于稳定。结论:炖制时间对制何首乌中各类成分含量的影响显著,且变化趋势不尽相同,应规范制何首乌饮片的炮制时间;同时,仅以二苯乙烯苷及蒽醌类成分作为制何首乌的指标性成分依据不够充分,应考虑增加多糖类等质量控制指标。     

Improving HIV medical care engagement by attending to status disclosure and social support

ABSTRACT

Expeditious linkage and consistent engagement in medical care is important for people with HIV’s (PWH) health. One theory on fostering linkage and engagement involves HIV status disclosure to mobilize social support. To assess disclosure and social support’s association with linkage and engagement, we conducted a qualitative study sampling black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM of color) in the U.S. Participants' narratives presented mixed results. For instance, several participants who reported delaying, inconsistent access, or detachment from care also reported disclosing for support purposes, yet sporadic engagement suggests that their disclosure or any subsequent social support have not assisted. The findings contribute to the literature that questions disclosure and social support’s influence on care engagement, especially when decontextualized from circumstances and intentions. Our findings suggest the mechanics of disclosure and social support require planned implementation if intending to affect outcomes, especially among MSM of color. From the findings, we explore steps that may bolster interventions seeking to anchor medical care engagement.     

A qualitative systematic review of published work on disclosure and help-seeking for domestic violence and abuse among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Domestic violence and abuse has been recognised as an international public health problem. However, the pervasiveness of the problem is unknown due in part to underreporting, especially among women from ethnic minority populations. In relation to this group, this review seeks to explore: (1) the barriers to disclosure; (2) the facilitators of help-seeking; and (3) self-perceived impacts of domestic violence.

Design: We systematically identified published qualitative studies conducted among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK. Data analysis was completed using thematic analysis approach.

Result: 562 papers were identified and eight papers from four studies conducted among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Barriers to disclosure include: Immigration status, community influences, problems with language and interpretation, and unsupportive attitudes of staff within mainstream services. Facilitators of help-seeking were: escalation of abuse and safety of children. Self-perceived impact of abuse includes: shame, denial, loss of identity and lack of choice.

Conclusion: There is an on-going need for staff from domestic violence services to be aware of the complexities within which women from ethnic minority populations experience domestic violence and abuse.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯预防正畸固定矫治者的牙釉质白斑

文题释义： 龋白斑：很多接受正畸固定矫治的患者其牙面上会呈现白垩色的点或斑块，临床上表现为龋白斑(white spot lesions，WSL)，即釉质脱矿，如病变进一步发展甚至会形成龋洞。 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate，EGCG)：是茶多酚中最有效的活性成分，属于儿茶素。EGCG具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗动脉硬化、抗血栓形成、抗血管增生、抗炎以及抗肿瘤作用。绿茶里有EGCG，但红茶里没有，因为红茶里的EGCG被转化成了茶玉红精。EGCG在医药保健上具有防治癌症等多种疾病和增强免疫力等功能。 背景：目前已有大量研究证实表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate，EGCG)可应用于牙科治疗中，但目前尚未有临床研究讨论EGCG用于托槽的釉质粘接是否可以减少临床上正畸术后白斑的发生率。目的：探讨EGCG应用于预防正畸固定矫治患者牙釉质白斑发生的价值。方法：选择接受正畸固定矫治治疗的50例符合纳入排除标准的患者，采用自身对照法，右侧使用添加有1 g/L EGCG的粘接剂(EGCG组)，左侧使用不含EGCG的粘接剂(对照组)，其余治疗步骤和材料均相同。于治疗开始后3，6和12个月检测目标牙位(16，11，46，26，31，36)牙釉质脱矿指数(EDI)和釉质白斑的发生率，并统计托槽脱落情况。研究方案的实施符合柳州市人民医院对研究的相关伦理要求，患者及监护人对试验过程完全知情同意。结果与结论：①EGCG组和对照组在试验期间托槽脱落率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；②在治疗开始后3个月，2组白斑发生率和牙釉质脱矿指数值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，治疗6，12个月，EGCG组白斑发生率和牙釉质脱矿指数值均较对照组显著降低(P < 0.05)；③结果说明，添加有1 g/L EGCG的粘接剂可以在不影响托槽粘接强度的情况下，起到预防正畸固定矫治患者牙釉质脱矿和白斑发生作用，且能长期维持。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5325-5037(杨柳青) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     

School readiness among low-income black children: family characteristics,parenting, and social support

This study focuses on the associations between family variables and academic and social school readiness in low-income Black children. Analyses drew from the National Institute for Child Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development dataset. The participants included 122 children and their mothers. Data collection occurred when the children were 1, 6, 15, 24, 36, and 54 months old. Findings indicated that maternal sensitivity and the quality of the home environment predicted cognitive and language outcomes, whereas maternal depression and social support predicted social–behavioural outcomes. In addition, the impact of family resources on cognitive and language outcomes was fully mediated by parenting behaviours and the impact of social support on behaviour problems was fully mediated through maternal depression. Implications for family intervention are discussed.     

MAP4K4 deficiency in CD4+ T cells aggravates lung damage induced by ozone-oxidized black carbon particles

As the main composition of combustion, black carbon (BC) is becoming more and more noticeable at home and abroad. Ozone-oxidized black carbon (oBC) was produced through aging of ozone, one of the near-surface pollutants, to black carbon. And oBC was found to be more oxidation and cell toxicity when compared with BC. Besides, as a key cell of immunity, whether CD4⁺ T cell would involve in lung inflammation induced by particular matter is still unclear. This study aims to observe the effect of oBC on lung damage in mice and discuss how the functional MAP4K4 defect CD4⁺ T cells (conditional knockout of MAP4K4) presents its role in this process.In our study, MAP4K4 deletion in CD4⁺ T cells (MAP4K4 cKO) could increase cell number of macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exposed to oBC. MAP4K4 deletion in CD4⁺ T cell also affected CD4⁺ T cell differentiation in mediastinal lymph nodes after oBC stimulation. The number of CD4⁺ IL17⁺ T cell increased obviously. The levels of IL-6 mRNA of lung in MAP4K4 cKO mice was higher than that in wild type mice after exposed to oBC, while the level of IL-6 in BALF had the same trend. Histological examination showed that MAP4K4 deletion in CD4⁺ T cells affected lung inflammation induced by oBC. Results indicated that MAP4K4 cKO in CD4⁺ T cells upgraded the level of inflammation in lung when exposed to oBC, which may be connected to the CD4⁺ T cell differentiation and JNK, ERK and P38 pathways.