《针灸大成》关于气海穴临床应用的文献研究

目的:通过检索《针灸大成》中与气海穴治疗作用相关的文献条文,总结气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中运用频次较高的疾病及其配穴规律,为临床针灸对气海穴的使用提供理论支持。方法:以《中华医典》(第五版)中《针灸大成》作为文献检索来源,将气海穴及气海穴的别称“脖胦”“下肓”“丹田”“肓之原”“肓原”“下言”和“气泽”为检索词,用计算机检索工具及人工检索相结合的方法检索符合要求的文献条文,通过建立本研究的数据库,频次分析、条形统计图比较分析等方法,总结出气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中的运用频次及其配穴规律。结果:在《针灸大成》所涉及的条文中,气海穴尤善治疗内科疾病,在治疗内科疾病中排名前3位的是脾胃系病症、气血津液疾病、肾系病症和妇科疾病,气海穴配穴习惯为上下配穴法,同名经配穴法,以及前后配穴法,其中主要为前后配穴法和同名经配穴法。结论:气海穴《针灸大成》中单穴应用占比最高,而在气海穴众多配穴中,运用了本经配穴法、上下配穴法、前后配穴法,配穴归经主要来自任脉和足太阳膀胱经。同名经配穴法,同气相求,可增加疗效;与气海穴配伍较多的足太阳膀胱经以背腧穴为主,此为前后配穴法,亦称腹背阴阳配穴法,腹部为阴,腰背为阳,前后配穴法可起到“从阳引阴”亦可“从阴引阳”的作用,以达到调节阴阳,调和脏法,调畅经络的目的。     

基于临床观察文本解析痛经辨治规律研究

目的:研究痛经的中医药辨治规律。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)1988—2019年应用中药治疗痛经的相关文献,采用Medcase Ver38诊籍中医师工作室-名老中医经验传承辅助平台,运用文本解析对临床医案进行研究。结果:研究文献131篇,医案104则,涉及病例128次,332诊次,涉及症状92条,病机33条,舌象27条,脉象17条,药物249种。结论:中医药治疗痛经的特异症状为“经行腹痛”,可见症为“夹血块、月经色暗、手足冰冷、经期腰酸”,相关舌脉为“舌质暗红,苔薄白”“脉沉细弦”,核心病机为“瘀血阻滞”,常用治法为“行气化瘀,活血止痛”,常用药物为“当归、白芍、甘草、延胡索、川芎”。     

清代名医陈念祖“重视气血”治疗月经病用药规律及特点研究

[目的] 探讨研究陈念祖治疗月经病的用药规律及特点。[方法] 收集陈氏《女科要旨》《南雅堂医案》《医学从众录》中治疗月经病的处方81首，构建处方数据库。运用Excel 2010与SPSS Statistics 26.0软件对高频药物进行频数和聚类分析，并结合理论分析，提炼出陈氏治疗月经病的用药规律及特点。[结果] 收集的81首处方中，涉及药物共121味。≥6次的高频药物共32味，使用频数排前3位的是当归、白芍、茯苓。高频药物种类以补血药、补气药为主；四气以温性为首；五味以甘、苦、辛为主；归经以脾经为首，肝经次之，心经再次。聚类分析得出5组核心药组，涉及归脾汤、六君子汤、越鞠丸等方剂。用药特点:使气血化生而调和脾胃，畅气血运行而疏理心肝，守气血循经而调理冲任。[结论] 陈氏治疗月经病以气血为核心，调和脾胃气血、调畅心肝气机、调理冲任气血，多运用补血药、补气药、理气药。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症中医药干预的必要性思考

新型冠状病毒肺炎(NCP)是一种具有广泛传染、较强致病性的外感疫病,对公众健康造成极大威胁[1-2]。由于病邪侵入人体后传变迅速,疫毒易于弥漫三焦、充斥表里转为危重症,处于危重症时现代医学目前只能对症支持治疗,为恢复危重症患者脏器机能、改善危重症状,配合中医药辨证施治值得深入思考。现以中医整体辨证的视角对新型冠状病毒肺炎所致危重病症辨证梳理,为临床提供一定的借鉴。     

Association of genetic variants at MYP10 and MYP15 with high myopia in a Han Chinese population

Background: Previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) has revealed the association between MYP10 at 8p23 and MYP15 at 10q21.1 and high myopia (HM) in a French population. This study is managed to discover the connection between some single nucleotide polymorphism (located at MYP10 and MYP15) and Han Chinese HM.

Methods and Results: This case-control association study contained 1673 samples, including 869 ophthalmic patients and 804 controls. Twelve tag SNPs have been selected from the MYP10 and MYP15 loci and genotyped by SNaPshot method. Among 12 SNPs, rs4840437 and rs6989782 in TNKS gene were found significant association with HM. Carriers of rs4840437G allele and rs4840437GG genotype created a low risk of high myopia (P = .036, OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.71–0.93; P = .016, OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.56–0.96; respectively). Carriers of rs6989782T allele and rs6989782TT+CT genotype also had a decreased risk of high myopia (P = .048, OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.71–0.94; P = .006, OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.59–0.92; respectively). Other 10 SNPs displaced nonsignificant association with HM. Additionally, the risk haplotype AC and the protective haplotype GT, generated by two SNPs in TNKS, were considerably more likely to be association with HM (for AC, P = .002 and OR = 1.26; for GT, P = .027 and OR = 0.84).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that some heritable variants in the TNKS gene are associated with HM in the Han population. The possible functions of TNKS in the development and pathogenesis of hereditary high myopia still require further researches to identify.     

A genome wide association study identifies new genes potentially associated with eyelid sagging

Sagging eyelid is considered as an outward of skin ageing and may cause medical issues. However, little is known about the factors involved in sagging eyelid. The study, which aims at determining genetic risk factors for eyelid sagging, was conducted in a cohort of 502 unrelated Caucasian women living in the Paris region. All included participants were aged between 44 and 70 years old (mean age, 57.6 years old). The severity of sagging eyelid was graded in 6 categories by a dermatologist using standardized photographs of the face. A genome wide association study adjusted on potential risk factors (including age and smoking habits) was conducted to identify genetic associations. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in total linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 10, rs16927253 (P = 7.07 × 10^‐10) and rs4746957 (P = 1.06 × 10^‐8), were significantly associated with eyelid sagging severity. The rs16927253‐T and rs4746957‐A alleles showed a dominant protective effect towards eyelid sagging. These polymorphisms are located in intronic parts of the H2AFY2 gene which encodes a member of the H2A histone family and very close to the AIFM2 gene that induces apoptosis. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms with a false discovery rate below 0.25 were located nearby the type XIII collagen COL13A1 gene on chromosome 10 and in the ADAMTS18 gene on chromosome 16. Several relevant genes were identified by the genome wide association study for their potential role in the sagging eyelid severity.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎用药规律研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发展迅速,危害严重,目前尚无特效药,而中医药在此疫情中发挥了积极的作用。该研究通过收集国家、各省、自治区和直辖市发布的诊疗方案,及中国知网、万方、维普三大数据库相关文献报道,全面系统整理现代中医治疗COVID-19的处方,并通过中医传承辅助平台V2.5,确定处方中用药的四气、五味、归经、使用频次、药物之间的关联规则及形成的新处方等。最终纳入有效处方96首,其中四气主要集中在温、寒、平,五味主要集中在苦、辛、甘,归经主要集中在肺、胃、脾经;使用高频次药物为甘草、杏仁、生石膏等;高频次药物组合为生石膏-杏仁,生石膏-甘草,甘草-杏仁等;核心组合有葶苈子-杏仁-生石膏,藿香-生姜-厚朴,麦冬-杏仁-黄芩等;形成新处方葶苈子、杏仁、生石膏、藿香、生姜、厚朴,麦冬、杏仁、黄芩、五味子、西洋参等。从药性到高频药物及新处方可以看出,我国现代中医治疗COVID-19的整体治则为扶正祛邪,兼顾气阴。     

基于中医传承辅助平台分析高血压病阴阳两虚证的用药规律

目的分析治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的方药特征信息,探索组方用药规律,挖掘有效的药物组合及新处方。方法检索相关数据库并查阅资料,收集关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的文献和医案,筛选治疗该病证的方剂。基于中医传承辅助平台(V 2. 5)建立方药特征数据库,并通过关联规则分析法、改进互信息法、熵层次聚类等方法,对处方用药进行数据分析。结果筛选出关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的组方179首,中药190味,使用频次最高的三味中药为熟地黄、茯苓、山药,并获得核心药物组合24个,新处方12个。结论通过此研究,明确了本病的用药规律,得出滋阴助阳、补益肾气为治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的主要方法,对本病的临床治疗及组方用药具有重要价值。