Anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis with intact rotator cuff: a retrospective comparison of patient-reported outcomes using the systems outcomes database with up to 5-year follow-up

BackgroundThe growing enthusiasm for the use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) with an intact rotator cuff is based on data derived from single-center studies with limited generalizability and follow-up. This study compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between RSA and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of primary GHOA with up to 5-year follow-up and examined temporal trends in the treatment of GHOA between 2012 and 2021.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients with primary GHOA undergoing primary arthroplasty surgery from the Surgical Outcomes System global registry between 2012 and 2021. PROs including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were compared between RSA and TSA at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively.ResultsA total of 4451 patients were included, with 2693 (60.5%) undergoing TSA and 1758 (39.5%) undergoing RSA. Both RSA and TSA provided clinically excellent outcomes at 1 year postoperatively (ASES: 80.8 ± 17.9 vs. 85.9 ± 15.2, respectively; SANE: 74.8 ± 24.7 vs. 79.5 ± 22.9; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.7; all P < .05) that were maintained at 2 years (ASES: 81.3 ± 19.3 vs. 87.3 ± 14.9; SANE: 74.8 ± 26.2 vs. 79.7 ± 24.7; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6; all P < .05) and 5 years (ASES: 81.7 ± 16.5 vs. 86.9 ± 15.3; SANE: 71.6 ± 28.5 vs. 78.2 ± 25.9; VAS pain: 1.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.0 ± 1.7; all P < .05), with statistical significance favoring TSA. After controlling for age and sex, there was an adjusted difference of 4.5 units in the ASES score favoring TSA (P = .005) at 5 years postoperatively but no differences in adjusted SANE (P = .745) and VAS pain (P = .332) scores. The use of RSA for GHOA grew considerably over time, from representing only 17% of all replacements performed for GHOA in 2012 to nearly half (47%) in 2021 (P < .001).ConclusionRSA as a treatment for GHOA with an intact rotator cuff seems to yield PROs that are largely clinically equivalent to TSA extending to 5 years postoperatively. The observed statistical significance favoring TSA appears to be of marginal clinical benefit based on established minimal clinically important differences and may be a result of the large sample size. Further research using more granular clinical data and examining differences in range of motion and complications is warranted as it may change the value analysis.     

Use of Alternative Designs and Data Sources for Pediatric Trials

Abstract

Children are considered a vulnerable group and as such are granted additional protection as research subjects. Research projects using children as research subjects are justifiable if the answer to the scientific question of the study cannot be obtained by enrolling adult subjects (cf. scientific necessity). Thus, there is an ethical obligation to explore innovative analytical strategies that seek balance between the feasibility of conducting a trial and maximizing the utilization of data on efficacy and safety. On this note, there is enthusiasm for implementing some less popular but efficient alternative designs for confirmatory pediatric trials. Within the pediatric extrapolation paradigm, examples of such designs, other than purely based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, are described in this article along with their advantages and disadvantages. This article will also discuss how to incorporate alternative data sources in the analysis of pediatric clinical trials. A discussion of existing approaches and a road-map to their utilization will be provided. Real case examples on the use of the approaches are provided.     

Five-year change scores in old age for six neuropsychological tests and normative data for the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test: The influence of physical health

Introduction: Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive change over time is often conducted in clinical settings, but whether neuropsychological change scores are influenced by physical health has, as far as we know, not been examined previously.

Method: In a sample of 153 older Swedish adults (age range, 72–86 years), we evaluated the influence of common age-related diseases, terminal decline pathology, age, education, and gender, to provide (a) preliminary test-specific regression weights and 90% confidence intervals to assess significant change in performance after five years on tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, reaction time, and selective attention, and (b) normative data for the Useful Field of View test (UFOV) from a single testing occasion.

Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that test–retest changes were affected by physical health for mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, and reaction time, by age for mental shifting and visual reaction time, by education for visual spatial ability, and by Age × Education for auditory reaction time. Gender did not affect any of the change scores. The overall average of variance explained was 2.5%: up to 8.1% for physical health, 4.4% for age, and 3.6% for education. The UFOV scores were mostly influenced by age, but also by physical health and education.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that considering the influence of health on normative change scores in old age in addition to demographic factors leads to more accurate predictions of whether true change has occurred.     

多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训中的应用

目的探讨多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训的应用效果。方法将本院2018年1月-2018年12月的34名急诊医师纳入观察组,应用多媒体联合情景教学法对其进行院内培训,另将本院2017年1月-2017年12月的34名急诊医师纳入对照组,应用传统教学法对其进行培训,对比两组医师的考试成绩、岗位胜任能力以及应急能力。结果观察组理论知识与技术操作的考试成绩均高于对照组,观察组自学、交流、表达、理解、解决问题的能力以及综合能力的评分均高于对照组,观察组急救意识、急救效率、病情评估、团队合作、职业防护的评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论多媒体联合情景教学在急诊医师培训的应用效果显著,可明显提高医师的考试成绩、岗位胜任能力以及应急能力。     

自我管理对类风湿性关节炎患者疼痛缓解的效果评价:Meta分析和系统评价

目的:分析自我管理对类风湿性关节炎患者疼痛缓解的效果。方法:通过检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Clinical Trails 5个数据库1980年1月1日至2018年7月31日的文献,按照纳入标准筛选文献后,收集以自我管理对RA患者疼痛缓解研究的随机对照试验,提取所需数据用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8篇文献,采用Cochrane协作网的“偏倚风险评估”工具对文献质量进行评价,其中6篇文献为A级(低度偏倚),2篇文献为B级(中度偏倚)。Meta分析结果显示,VAS疼痛评分(SMD=-0.32,P=0.50);疼痛自评(SMD=0.10,P=0.65);生命质量评分QoL(SMD=-0.72,P=0.38);健康评估问卷HAQ(MD=-0.12,P=0.31);DAS-28(MD=-0.28,P=0.42。结论:自我管理对RA患者疼痛缓解差异没有统计学意义。其临床及家庭应用价值和意义还需要进一步的证实。     

加味黄芪建中汤治疗脾阳虚型胃肠功能紊乱临床研究

目的:观察加味黄芪建中汤治疗脾阳虚型功能性胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效。方法:将患者随机分成2组,对照组用枸橼酸莫沙比利治疗,治疗组运用枸橼酸莫沙比利治疗的基础上加用加味黄芪建中汤治疗,均治疗共4疗程。观察临床疗效及中医症状评分情况。结果:对照组有5例患者失访,疗效结束后显效率治疗组36.0%,对照组20.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组胃脘痞满、食欲减退、神疲乏力评分与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组胃脘痞满、食欲减退以及神疲乏力等评分分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:加味黄芪建中汤能改善脾阳虚型胃肠功能紊乱的症状,有良好的临床疗效,优于单纯使用枸橼酸莫沙必利治疗。