扶正解毒抗癌方治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的:探讨扶正解毒抗癌方对晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及对患者化疗后骨髓抑制的影响。方法:选取2016年1月至2019年3月滁州市第一人民医院收治的NSCLC患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组50例。对照组患者采用常规化疗,研究组患者在对照组的基础上加用扶正解毒抗癌方,两组患者连续治疗2个化疗周期。观察两组患者的临床疗效,分别于治疗前后测定白细胞计数、血小板计数及血红蛋白水平,比较两组患者治疗后骨髓抑制发生情况和卡氏(Karnofsky,KPS)评分的差异。结果:研究组患者的总有效率为62.00%(31/50),明显高于对照组的36.00%(18/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者白细胞计数、血小板计数及血红蛋白水平均明显低于治疗前,但研究组患者上述指标水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者骨髓抑制发生率为38.00%(19/50),明显低于对照组的68.00%(34/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者KPS评分提高率和稳定率分别为34.00%(17/50)、46.00%(23/50),明显优于对照组的14.00%(7/50)、16.00%(8/50),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:扶正解毒抗癌方联合常规化疗治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效显著,能够减轻患者化疗后骨髓抑制情况,提高患者生活质量。     

Hesperidin Shows Protective Effects on Renal Function in Ischemia-induced Acute Kidney Injury (Sprague-Dawley Rats)

ObjectiveHesperidin is a well-known flavanone glycoside copiously found in sweet orange and lemon, which was recently reported to possess significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major problem after renal transplantation. Furthermore, inflammatory responses to I/R exacerbate the resultant renal injury. In the present study, we investigated whether hesperidin exhibits renoprotective effects against I/R-induced acute kidney injury in a rat model.MethodsWe fed Sprague-Dawley rats either hesperidin (100 mg/kg/d) or saline. One week later, ischemia was induced by bilateral renal pedicle occlusion for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were treated as follows: 1. the sham operated group; 2. the I/R group; 3. the I/R-hesperidin groupResultsCompared to the sham group, the I/R group had higher expression of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine and lower expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidants, and nitric oxide. Compared to the I/R group, the I/R-hesperidin group had higher expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant, and nitric oxide and lower expression of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.ConclusionsHesperidin improved acute renal I/R injury through its antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that hesperidin is a potential therapeutic agent for acute ischemia-induced renal damage.     

基于液质联用技术分析康艾注射液中人参皂苷类化学成分

目的：采用液质联用技术对康艾注射液中人参皂苷类化学成分进行快速鉴定。方法：化学成分定性分析采用UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS技术，色谱柱为ACQUITY UHPLC Column（2.1 mm×100 mm，1.7 μm，BEH C₁₈），以0.1%甲酸水和乙腈梯度洗脱，进样量2 μL，流速为0.2 mL·min^-1。质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI），负离子模式下检测。结果：从康艾注射液中共鉴别出40个化学成分。结论：UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS能快速鉴定康艾注射液中人参皂苷类化学成分，为康艾注射液的药效物质研究奠定基础。     

Novel Predictive Models of Early Death Less Than 1 Year in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma After Treatment With First-line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

BackgroundWe aimed to develop a modified International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) model that can predict early death less than 1 year in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after receiving first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of patients with mRCC treated with first-line TKIs at our institution between 2007 and 2012. The primary endpoint was the rate of early death within 1 year after first-line TKI administration. We determined statistically significant factors predicting early death by performing multiple logistic regression. The modified IMDC model 1 was developed using new variables in addition to the risk criteria of the IMDC model, and model 2 was developed using new variables irrespective of the risk classification of IMDC model.ResultsEarly mortality within 1 year of first-line TKI treatment was 19.7% (n = 98) in 462 patients. Although the C-index of the IMDC model for early death was 0.655, the C-index of model 1, which includes 5 variables (previous nephrectomy, body mass index, multiple metastases, previous metastasectomy, and serum albumin level) in addition to the Heng criteria, was 0.823. The C-index of model 2, which includes 7 variables (hemoglobin, neutrophil level, and the 5 variables of model 1) was 0.822. Of note, there was no significant difference in net reclassification index between the 2 models.ConclusionThis is the first study suggesting novel prediction models for early death less than 1 year in patients with mRCC treated with first-line TKI.     

Fluoroquinolones versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundFluoroquinolones are a popular alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on mortality of S. maltophilia infections.Data sourcesPubMed and EMBASE.Study eligibility criteriaClinical studies reporting mortality outcomes of S. maltophilia infections.ParticipantsPatients with clinical infections caused by S. maltophilia.InterventionsFluoroquinolone monotherapy in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy.MethodsSystematic review with meta-analysis technique.ResultsSeven retrospective cohort and seven case–control studies were included. Three cohort studies were designed to compare the two drugs, whereas others had other purposes. A total of 663 patients were identified, 332 of which were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50.1%) and 331 with fluoroquinolones (49.9%). Three cohort studies were designed to compare the effect of the two drugs, whereas the others had other purposes. Levofloxacin was most frequently used among fluoroquinolones (187/331, 56.5%), followed by ciprofloxacin (114/331, 34.4%). The overall mortality rate was 29.6%. Using pooled ORs for the mortality of each study, fluoroquinolone treatment (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99) was associated with survival benefit over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment, with low heterogeneity (I² = 18%). Specific fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17–1.12) and levofloxacin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.48–1.26) did not show a significant difference in comparison with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In the sub-group analyses of adult and bacteraemic patients, significant differences in mortality were not observed between fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionsBased on a meta-analysis of non-randomized studies, fluoroquinolones demonstrated comparable effects on mortality of S. maltophilia infection to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, supporting the use of fluoroquinolones in clinical S. maltophilia infections. Although the pooled analysis of overall studies favoured fluoroquinolones over trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the studies included were observational, and sub-group analyses of certain fluoroquinolone agents did not show statistical differences with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Randomized clinical studies are needed to address these issues.     

宋业强治疗慢性荨麻疹用药经验

宋业强教授认为慢性荨麻疹患者多因正气虚弱或先天不足,加之外感风邪兼夹寒、热、湿邪致病,其证型不仅包含虚证,也有实证,更多以虚实夹杂为主,因而病程长、易反复。宋教授根据临床经验将本病分为表虚风寒证、表虚风热证、血热风盛证、湿热夹风证,分别应用玉屏风散合桂枝汤、固表清热祛风汤、复方白鲜皮汤、龙胆泻肝汤加减治疗。并重视中西医结合诊疗,参考中药药理研究成果进行处方的加减配伍。附验案1则。     

抗癌扶正方对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的Bcl-2基因表达的调控作用

目的:研究与分析抗癌扶正方对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的Bcl-2基因表达的调控作用。方法:首先培养人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721,然后使用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT比色法)检测抗癌扶正方对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖能力,使用流式细胞仪检测人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721抑制能力和Bcl-2基因表达水平。结果:通过检测发现,抗癌扶正方可以有效抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖。通过流式细胞仪检测发现,抗癌扶正方作用于人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721后,Bcl-2基因表达水平明显降低。结论:抗癌扶正方可以通过调控Bcl-2基因表达从而抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的活性。     

康艾注射液在肿瘤姑息治疗中的临床研究现状

目的:收集2014年12月之前国内国外发表的关于康艾注射液姑息治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的随机对照试验文献,利用系统评价的方法评价康艾注射液在晚期恶性肿瘤姑息治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法:全面检索MEDLINE(Pubmed)、Cochrane library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库以得到康艾注射液姑息治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的合适文献,并采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.2软件对数据进行处理。结果:共纳入8个RCT,545例,文献质量均较低。对KPS评分改善情况进行meta分析,异质性检验(χ2=12.12,P=0.06,I2=51%),采用随机效应模型统计分析,治疗组优于对照组(RR=2.69,Z=4.54,P<0.000 01,95%CI=［1.75,4.12］);采用描述性统计方法分析,改善纳差症状方面共有4个研究,其中3个研究提示治疗组优于对照组。减轻疼痛方面共纳入6个试验,其中4个试验提示康艾注射液有利于减轻癌痛。康艾注射液姑息治疗在改善乏力症状和改善睡眠方面,结果均提示优于对照组。结论:康艾注射液在姑息治疗晚期恶性肿瘤方面,能够改善患者纳差、癌痛、乏力、失眠不适症状,并提高患者生活质量,但因纳入文献质量较低,需要更多更规范的RCT予以进一步印证。     

Effects of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Axial Alignment of the Lower Limb in Patients with Unilateral Developmental Hip Dysplasia (Crowe type IV)

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of total hip arthroplasty on axial alignment of the lower limb in adults with unilateral developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe type IV).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of 50 adults who underwent total hip arthroplasty, in which the acetabular cup was placed in the anatomical position. The following parameters were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and two years later: mechanical axis deviation (MAD), tibiofemoral angle (TFA), femoral offset, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, height of medial femoral condyle, height of lateral femoral condyle, and leg lengthening. Length of the resected femoral segment was also recorded from medical records.ResultsPreoperative MAD, TFA, HKA, and LDFA of the ipsilateral lower limb showed significant valgus deformity. MAD of the ipsilateral lower limb and valgus inclination were significantly smaller immediately after surgery than before, while TFA, HKA, femoral offset, and LDFA were significantly larger (P < 0.05). These parameters did not differ significantly between immediately after surgery and two years later (P > 0.05). Ipsilateral extremities were extended by a mean of 2.54 cm (range, 0 to 5.35 cm). The mean length of the femoral resected segment was 3.56 cm (range, 2.03 to 5.74 cm). The contralateral lower limb showed marginally smaller MAD and medial proximal tibial angle after surgery than before, but larger LDFA, TAF, and HKA.ConclusionsIn patients with developmental hip dysplasia who underwent total hip arthroplasty with placement of the acetabular component at the level of the anatomic hip center, axial alignment of the ipsilateral lower limb was immediately altered, and valgus inclination was significantly reduced. The procedure only slightly altered the axial alignment of the contralateral lower limb.