林国华针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验撷要

总结林国华教授针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验,并对典型医案进行介绍。林国华教授认为本病多因少阳经气厥塞所致,提倡尽早针灸干预,治病求本,谨守"少阳暴厥"之病机,谨遵"疏解少阳,通耳开窍"之法,临证必用听宫,主取少阳经穴,辅予辨经取穴,巧施发蒙针法与气流灌耳法,妙用岭南火针疗法,必要时调气调神、加取募穴,共奏通耳复聪之效。     

LIN28A和LAMP1在膀胱癌细胞系中的表达及意义

目的:探讨LIN28A和LAMP1在膀胱癌细胞系中表达情况,以及两者之间的关系,推测其可能临床意义及对肿瘤进展的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR检测膀胱癌细胞系LIN28A、LIN28B和LAMP1表达,免疫荧光检测LIN28A和LAMP1二者蛋白表达定位;LIN28A敲减后通过qRT-PCR检测LAMP1的mRNA表达变化。结果:5个癌细胞系T24、UM-UC3、J82、5637和SW780和正常移行上皮细胞系SV-HUC-1均表达LIN28A,其中J82也表达LIN28B;5个癌细胞系均表达LAMP1,SV-HUC-1不表达LAMP1;LIN28A和LAMP1蛋白均定位在胞浆;LIN28A敲减后对LAMP1的mRNA表达变化无明显影响,相应蛋白变化需要进一步验证。结论:4个膀胱癌细胞系T24、5637、UM-UC3和SW780可以用于LIN28A与肿瘤相关的机制研究,而J82可用于LIN28B的机制研究。LIN28A对肿瘤细胞和干细胞的调控方面可能具有相似性,敲减后对其靶点mRNA表达量无明显影响,LAMP1蛋白可能对肿瘤细胞侵袭转移具有抑制作用。     

林培政教授从“暑湿”论治成人风疹病毒性脑炎验案

成人风疹病毒性脑炎是风疹病毒感染的少见并发症,是一种累及神经系统的罕见病,目前发病机制尚未明确,尚无特异治疗,西医以抗病毒、抗炎、增强免疫力等治疗为主。林培政教授以温病理论为指导,结合患者发病特点,辨病为暑湿病,辨证先后属暑湿弥漫三焦、困阻中下焦、暑湿伤气,分别以清暑化湿、宣通三焦,清暑化湿、健脾化湿消积,清暑化湿、培元和中为法,完全治愈1例成人风疹病毒性脑炎患者,无任何后遗症,疗效确切。     

Disrupting LIN28 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors reveals the importance of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway as a therapeutic target

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is among the most fatal of all pediatric brain tumors. Aside from loss of function mutations in the SMARCB1 (BAF47/INI1/SNF5) chromatin remodeling gene, little is known of other molecular drivers of AT/RT. LIN28A and LIN28B are stem cell factors that regulate thousands of RNAs and are expressed in aggressive cancers. We identified high-levels of LIN28A and LIN28B in AT/RT primary tumors and cell lines, with corresponding low levels of the LIN28-regulated microRNAs of the let-7 family. Knockdown of LIN28A by lentiviral shRNA in the AT/RT cell lines CHLA-06-ATRT and BT37 inhibited growth, cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis. Suppression of LIN28A in orthotopic xenograft models led to a more than doubling of median survival compared to empty vector controls (48 vs 115 days). LIN28A knockdown led to increased expression of let-7b and let-7g microRNAs and a down-regulation of KRAS mRNA. AT/RT primary tumors expressed increased mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway activity, and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) decreased AT/RT growth and increased apoptosis. These data implicate LIN28/RAS/MAP kinase as key drivers of AT/RT tumorigenesis and indicate that targeting this pathway may be a therapeutic option in this aggressive pediatric malignancy.     

LIN28B suppresses microRNA let-7b expression to promote CD44+/LIN28B+ human pancreatic cancer stem cell proliferation and invasion

Although the highly proliferative, migratory, and multi-drug resistant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) is well characterized, knowledge of their biological mechanisms is limited. We used CD44 and LIN28B as markers to screen, isolate, and enrich CSCs from human primary pancreatic cancer. Using flow cytometry, we identified a human primary pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) subpopulation expressing high levels of both CD44 and LIN28B. CD44+/LIN28B+ PCSCs expressed high levels of stemness marker genes and possessed higher migratory and invasive ability than CD44-/LIN28B- PCCs. CD44+/LIN28B+ PCSCs were more resistant to growth inhibition induced by the chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and gemcitabine hydrochloride, and readily established tumors in vivo in a relatively short time. Moreover, microarray analysis revealed significant differences between the cDNA expression patterns of CD44+/LIN28B+ PCSCs and CD44-/LIN28B- PCCs. Following siRNA interference of endogenous LIN28B gene expression in CD44+/LIN28B+ PCSCs, not only was their proliferation decreased, there was also cell cycle arrest due to suppression of cyclin D1 expression following the stimulation of miRNA let-7b expression. In conclusion, CD44+/LIN28B+ cells, which possess CSC characteristics, can be reliably sorted from human primary PCCs and represent a valuable model for studying cancer cell physiology and multi-drug resistance.     

数据挖掘法浅析中医治疗肺癌用药规律及相关机制

目的:运用数据挖掘法分析和总结林洪生老师以"扶正祛邪、固本清源"理论为指导,治疗肺癌的处方用药规律,并探讨其作用机制。方法:筛选2015年8月至2016年8月于广安门医院肿瘤科进修期间,跟随林洪生老师门诊收集治疗肺癌的有效方剂,运用"中医传承辅助系统(V2.50)",行数据挖掘及用药规律分析。结果:共纳入方剂524首,涉及中药182味,总结"扶正祛邪、固本清源"理论指导下处方中的高频药物及组合规律,"扶正固本、祛邪清源"指导用药随病情演变而变换主次。结论:"扶正祛邪、固本清源"理论指导不同阶段肺癌的治疗,运用现代医学手段治疗期间以扶正固本为主,不耐受现代医学治疗并有合并症则以祛邪清源为主,现代医学治疗后维持巩固阶段以扶正祛邪与固本清源并重。总结用药规律,进一步印证"扶正祛邪、固本清源"机制贯穿于肺癌中医治疗的整个过程。     

人胃癌组织LIN28基因的定量检测及意义

目的检测LIN28基因在胃癌组织及对应癌旁组织中的表达差异,分析其与临床参数间的关系及在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法用Trizol提取总RNA,RT-PCR检测30例手术切除的胃癌组织及相应癌旁胃黏膜组织中LIN28 mRNA的表达,用SYBR实时荧光定量PCR进行比较。结果胃癌组织和癌旁组织中LIN28 mRNA均为阳性;胃癌组织LIN28 mRNA的平均表达强度为1.80×10-4,癌旁组织的平均表达强度为7.41×10-4,经配对t检验,P<0.01,有统计学差异。LIN28的表达与其他临床参数无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论胃癌组织LIN28 mRNA的表达较癌旁组织明显下降;LIN28的表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤的分化程度、有无淋巴结转移等无明显的相关性。     

林胜友主任中医师治疗化疗相关性呕吐经验

[目的]分析讨论林胜友主任中医师治疗化疗相关性呕吐的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师学习,归纳整理病案,结合林师平日指导,分析化疗相关性呕吐的病因病机,总结林师治疗该疾病的临床经验,并附验案加以佐证。[结果]林师认为化疗相关性呕吐的病因病机为中焦土虚,胃气失和;腑实不通,浊气犯胃;肝胆不利,气机失转,治疗上主要从健脾土、通肠腑、畅气机着手。所举验案,患者辨证为脾虚腑实,兼有肝郁,采取健脾通腑,辅以疏肝解郁治疗化疗相关性呕吐,疗效明显,顺利帮助患者度过化疗阶段。[结论]林师治疗化疗相关性呕吐采用健脾、通腑、疏肝治法,通补并用,可以取得较好的疗效。     

诱导多能干细胞建系过程中关键转录因子的作用

通过添加OCT4、SOX2等转录因子,体外诱导细胞重编程获得诱导多能干细胞是近年干细胞领域的一大突破.OCT4、SOX2和NANOG等转录因子在启动细胞重编程、维持诱导多能干细胞多能性和决定其是否走向分化方面起了关键作用.对这些转录因子作用机制的了解,有助于细胞莺编程分子机制的进一步阐明.     

DCIS and LCIS are confusing and outdated terms. They should be abandoned in favor of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) and lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN)

The terms ductal and lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN and LIN) were introduced by Tavossoli 15 years ago, who proposed they should replace, respectively, ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ (DCIS and LCIS). This proposal has been slowly gaining ground. We argue that DCIS and LCIS should now be definitively abandoned. Bringing together ‘in situ’ and other entities into the simpler and more logical DIN/LIN framework–as has been done with intraepithelial neoplasias of cervix, vagina, vulva, prostate, and pancreas–would eliminate the artificial and illogical distinctions between ‘not cancers’ (e.g. flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia–now classified as low grade DIN) and ‘cancers’ (e.g. DCIS–now considered medium–high grade DIN). Elimination of the term ‘carcinoma’ from entities that cannot metastasize will reduce confusion among health professionals and patients, and contribute to reducing the risk of overtreatment, as well as reducing adverse psychological reactions in patients.