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1.
目的探讨小儿肠胃康颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻的临床疗效及安全性。方法104例小儿消化不良性腹泻患儿,依据随机抽签法分为对照组与观察组,各52例。对照组采用小儿肠胃康颗粒治疗,观察组采用小儿肠胃康颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗。对比两组症状改善时间、治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组腹泻、腹部疼痛及食欲下降改善时间分别为(1.93±1.05)、(2.05±1.06)、(2.47±1.04)d,均短于对照组的(4.88±1.49)、(3.62±1.55)、(3.63±1.15)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为94.23%,高于对照组的76.92%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为1.92%,低于对照组的13.46%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿肠胃康颗粒联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿消化不良性腹泻疗效显著,且安全性较高,值得临床合理推行实践。  相似文献   
2.
目的探讨双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿病毒感染性肠炎对炎症水平及肠道菌群的影响。方法选择2019年1月至2020年1月在湖北科技学院附属浠水县人民医院治疗的轮状病毒感染性肠炎患儿120例,以随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组服用蒙脱石散,观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗。两组均在用药7 d后评价疗效,记录患儿的临床症状,抽取空腹静脉血,检测血清指标,采集患儿治疗前及治疗3 d后粪便,检测样本中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及大肠埃希菌DNA,并记录两组不良反应发生率。结果对照组和观察组临床疗效总有效率分别为86.67%和68.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组止吐时间及腹痛消失时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组退热时间、止泻时间、病毒转阴时间及住院时间与对照组比较显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后与治疗前及与对照组治疗后比较,白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgG、IgM显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量与治疗前及与对照组治疗后比较显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出现2例咳嗽,1例发热,均为轻微不良反应,肝肾功能检查无异常,患者可自行缓解。结论双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片联合蒙脱石散治疗小儿病毒感染性肠炎有较好的临床疗效,可降低炎症水平,增强免疫能力,对肠道菌群有一定的纠正作用,安全性较高,值得临床推荐。  相似文献   
3.
目的:探索体重指数(BMI)对不孕女性夫精宫腔内人工授精(IUI)周期妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015 年1 月—2020 年6 月于天津市中心妇产科医院生殖中心施行IUI 治疗的3 707 例患者的周期资料,按照BMI 分为3 组,A 组(正常 体质量组18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<23.0 kg/m2)、B 组(超重组23.0 kg/m2≤BMI<25.0 kg/m2)、C 组(肥胖组BMI≥25.0 kg/m2),比较各组间 一般资料以及妊娠结局。结果:在方案中,3 组间自然周期方案占比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),口服药物联合肌注促排药物 方案差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);BMI 与活产率无关,B 组(OR=1.161,95% CI:0.861~1.565,P=0.328)以及C 组(OR=1.003, 95% CI=0.761~1.322,P=0.948)与A 组活产率差异无统计学意义;肌注促排药物(OR=1.425,95% CI:1.026~1.980,P=0.035) 以及口服药物联合肌注促排药物(OR=1.366,95% CI:1.038~1.796,P=0.026)是影响活产率的独立因素。肥胖(OR=2.784,95% CI:1.471~5.267,P=0.002)以及继发性不孕(OR=3.048,95% CI=1.454~6.389,P=0.003)是早期流产的危险因素。结论:肥胖以及继 发性不孕为早期流产的危险因素,促排药物可提高不孕患者IUI 活产率。  相似文献   
4.
《Vaccine》2019,37(36):5422-5427
BackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) occurs in 5–30% of individuals with herpes zoster (HZ) and is characterized by long-lasting pain. Zoster vaccine live (ZVL) is licensed for people 50 years and older to prevent HZ and PHN. This study evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of ZVL against PHN.MethodsWe conducted an open cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California with continuous accrual of people as they became age-eligible for ZVL. We defined PHN using a PHN diagnosis between 90 and 365 days after an incident episode of HZ. We estimated VE against PHN using Cox regression with a calendar timeline stratified by year of birth and adjusted for sex, race, influenza vaccination, outpatient visit frequency, comorbidities, and immune compromise status.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2016, 1·5 million people entered the study population and 33% received ZVL. During 7·6 million person-years of follow-up, there were 62,205 HZ cases, 4150 (6·7%) of which went on to develop PHN. Overall VE for PHN was 64·8% (95% CI 61·3, 68). VE was 82·8% (95% CI 77·6, 86·7) during the first year after vaccination, 58·3% (95% CI 50.1, 65.2) during the third year, and then waned more gradually to 48·7% (95% CI 30·2, 62·3) during the eighth year. VE in persons vaccinated when aged 80 years or older was similar to VE in younger vaccinees. VE in persons vaccinated when immune compromised was similar to VE in immune competent.ConclusionsOverall, ZVL was 65% effective against PHN. It was effective in all age groups and provided moderate protection through 8 years.  相似文献   
5.
6.
目的 系统评价1~12岁健康儿童接种1剂水痘减毒活疫苗保护效果(VE),探索运用GRADE(Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation)证据质量评级方法评价疫苗效果观察性研究。方法 检索2019年以前关于中国1~12岁健康儿童1剂水痘减毒活疫苗VE的文献,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行文献质量评价,采用Meta分析计算水痘疫苗VE,对研究类型、是否为暴发疫情、文献质量、年龄分亚组计算VE。采用GRADE方法评价整合证据质量。结果 共纳入32篇文献,合并后VE值为75%(95% CI:68%~80%),亚组分析暴发疫情VE(66%,95% CI:57%~73%)低于非暴发疫情[85%(95% CI:78%~89%)],<6岁儿童VE[84%(95% CI:77%~89%)]高于≥6岁儿童VE[60%(95% CI:51%~68%)],不同研究类型、不同文献质量的VE差异无统计学意义。整合证据评级VE证据质量为“极低”,分别在偏倚风险和不一致性方面降一级,在间接性、不精确性和发表偏倚方面未降级。结论 中国1~12岁健康儿童1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗可提供中等水平保护,但≥6岁儿童VE明显降低,建议对<6岁儿童开展2剂次水痘疫苗接种。GRADE的证据质量评级方法可用于疫苗效果的观察性研究,建议制定观察性研究技术指南,提高证据体的整体质量。  相似文献   
7.
目的 比较河北省二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral polio attenuated live vaccine, bOPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(Salk株)(inactivvated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Salk strains, IPV-Salk)和脊灰灭活疫苗(Sabin株)(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains , IPV-Sabin )接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价脊灰疫苗的安全性。 方法 通过疑似AEFI信息管理系统收集河北省2016年5月1日—2018年4月30日脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI个案,比较分析三种脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI的报告发生情况。 结果 bOPV、IPV-Salk和IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率分别为13.53 / 10万剂、40.50/10万剂和63.70 / 10万剂。bOPV与IPV-Salk、bOPV与IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk与IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率(χ2= 360.355, P<0.001,χ2= 360.247, P<0.001, χ2= 34.895, P<0.001)和一般反应报告发生率(χ2= 373.009, P<0.001, χ2= 564.795, P<0.001, χ2= 35.382,P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义,由高到低依次为:IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk和bOPV;异常反应报告发生率(χ2= 3.077,P=0.079, χ2C= 1.165,P=0.281, χ2C= 0,P=1)差异均无统计学意义。三种脊灰疫苗的AEFI中均以一般反应为主,年龄主要集中在≤1岁组,主要发生在接种后1 d内。 结论 河北省三种脊灰疫苗总体安全性良好,但仍需加强脊灰疫苗安全性监测。  相似文献   
8.
《Vaccine》2020,38(39):6141-6152
Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.  相似文献   
9.
Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) offers better quality of life and clinical outcomes, including patient survival, compared with remaining on dialysis or receiving a deceased donor kidney transplant. Although LDKT education within transplant centers for both potential recipients and living donors is very important, outreach and education to kidney patients in settings other than transplant centers and to the general public is also critical to increase access to this highly beneficial treatment. In June 2014, the American Society of Transplantation’s Live Donor Community of Practice, with the support of 10 additional sponsors, convened a consensus conference to determine best practices in LDKT, including a workgroup focused on developing a set of recommendations for optimizing outreach and LDKT education outside of transplant centers. Members of this workgroup performed a structured literature review, conducted teleconference meetings, and met in person at the 2-day conference. Their efforts resulted in consensus around the following recommendations. First, preemptive transplantation should be promoted through increased LDKT education by primary care physicians and community nephrologists. Second, dialysis providers should be trained to educate their own patients about LDKT and deceased donor kidney transplantation. Third, partnerships between community organizations, organ procurement organizations, religious organizations, and transplant centers should be fostered to support transplantation. Fourth, use of technology should be improved or expanded to better educate kidney patients and their support networks. Fifth, LDKT education and outreach should be improved for kidney patients in rural areas. Finally, a consensus-driven, evidence-based public message about LDKT should be developed. Discussion of the effect and potential for implementation around each recommendation is featured, particularly regarding reducing racial and socioeconomic disparities in access to LDKT. To accomplish these recommendations, the entire community of professionals and organizations serving kidney patients must work collaboratively toward ensuring accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date LDKT education for all patients, thereby reducing barriers to LDKT access and increasing LDKT rates.  相似文献   
10.
目的探讨复方胃蛋白酶散联合枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒防治婴幼儿支气管肺炎继发性腹泻的临床效果。方法将260例支气管肺炎患儿随机分为两组,各130例。两组均给予头孢哌酮钠静脉滴注+氨溴索雾化吸入治疗。对照组给予复方胃蛋白酶散口服,观察组加用枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒口服。观察两组继发性腹泻发生率、腹泻消失时间及住院时间。结果观察组<1岁、1~2岁、>2岁患儿继发性腹泻发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05),总继发性腹泻发生率低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组继发性腹泻患儿腹泻消失时间和住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论复方胃蛋白酶散联合枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒防治婴幼儿支气管肺炎继发性腹泻效果显著,可降低腹泻发生率,缩短患儿治疗时间,值得在临床推广应用。  相似文献   
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